Fluid and Electrolytes Flashcards
Hypovolemia / Assessment Finding
Fluid deficit
thirst also may be absent in older A
↑ HR(weak & thready)
↑ Respirations
↑ Urine specific gravity
↓ BP
↓ Weight
↓ Urine output
Hypovolemia Nursing Actions
Fluid replacement
• Fluids (PO or IV)
• Monitor for fluid volume overload with fluid admin.
Safety precautions
• Risk for fall due to orthostatic hypotension
Daily I&O+ weights
Hypovolemia Labs
↑ Urine specific gravity
↑ Hematocrit (%)
↑ Serum sodium
↑ BUN
Hypervolemic and Causes
Fluid excess
due to heart failure, cirrhosis (liver d), high sodium, low albumin
Nurse actions for Hypervolemic
Low sodium diet
• Where sodium goes, water flows!
Daily I&O+ weights
Diuretics
High-Fowler’s or Semi-Fowler’s position
Findings in Hypervolemic / Labs
High VS
Crackles / Dyspnea
Weigh Gain
Edema
LABS ARE ALL DOWN!
Hyponatremia Interventions
Administer IV NaCL IV
Diuretics
Daily weights
Safety-fall risk
Airway protection
Limit water intake
Teach about foods high in sodium
Hypernatremia Causes / Interventions
Increased sodium intake
LOSS of fluids (fever, diarrhea, diabetes insipidus, sweating, infection)
Decreased sodium excretion: kidney problems
Administer fluids
Diuretics to promote sodium loss
Restrict Na & Fluid intake
Complication: Heart Failure
Hypokalemia Causes
Dilution of serum potassium: water intoxication, IVs
Movement of fluid from extracellular to intracellular:
alkalosis,
hyperinsulinism
Hypokalemia Interventions
NEVER push IV of it. ONLY USED DILUTED AND IV PUMP
Monitor I/O, VS, K+ food, Supplements
Hyperkalemia Causes / Interventions
risk for cardiac arrest
uncontrolled diabetes, renal D, salts, ace IN, k+ diuretics,
tissue damage
IN = stop IV, avoid salts, order Kayexalate, Monitor EKG
GIVE : Iv calcium and IV sodium bicarb
Hypocalcemia Cause /
C = crohn D, vitamin D, post thyroidectomy
Hypocalcemia Nurse Actions
CA+ supplements, safety precautions, I/O, FOOD(dairy, greens)
Hypomagnesemia Cause
use of loop or thiazide, high kidney excretion, chron D
Hypomagnesemia Interventions
IN = stop med, monitor HR, DON’T give to renal F pts