Fluid and Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

Hypovolemia / Assessment Finding

A

Fluid deficit

thirst also may be absent in older A
↑ HR(weak & thready)
↑ Respirations
↑ Urine specific gravity

↓ BP
↓ Weight
↓ Urine output

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2
Q

Hypovolemia Nursing Actions

A

 Fluid replacement
• Fluids (PO or IV)
• Monitor for fluid volume overload with fluid admin.
 Safety precautions
• Risk for fall due to orthostatic hypotension
 Daily I&O+ weights

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3
Q

Hypovolemia Labs

A

↑ Urine specific gravity
↑ Hematocrit (%)
↑ Serum sodium
↑ BUN

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4
Q

Hypervolemic and Causes

A

Fluid excess

due to heart failure, cirrhosis (liver d), high sodium, low albumin

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5
Q

Nurse actions for Hypervolemic

A

 Low sodium diet
• Where sodium goes, water flows!
 Daily I&O+ weights
 Diuretics
 High-Fowler’s or Semi-Fowler’s position

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6
Q

Findings in Hypervolemic / Labs

A

High VS
Crackles / Dyspnea
Weigh Gain
Edema

LABS ARE ALL DOWN!

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7
Q

Hyponatremia Interventions

A

Administer IV NaCL IV
Diuretics
Daily weights
Safety-fall risk
Airway protection
Limit water intake
Teach about foods high in sodium

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8
Q

Hypernatremia Causes / Interventions

A

Increased sodium intake
LOSS of fluids (fever, diarrhea, diabetes insipidus, sweating, infection)
Decreased sodium excretion: kidney problems

Administer fluids
Diuretics to promote sodium loss
Restrict Na & Fluid intake

Complication: Heart Failure

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9
Q

Hypokalemia Causes

A

Dilution of serum potassium: water intoxication, IVs
Movement of fluid from extracellular to intracellular:
alkalosis,
hyperinsulinism

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10
Q

Hypokalemia Interventions

A

NEVER push IV of it. ONLY USED DILUTED AND IV PUMP

Monitor I/O, VS, K+ food, Supplements

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11
Q

Hyperkalemia Causes / Interventions

A

risk for cardiac arrest
uncontrolled diabetes, renal D, salts, ace IN, k+ diuretics,
tissue damage

IN = stop IV, avoid salts, order Kayexalate, Monitor EKG
GIVE : Iv calcium and IV sodium bicarb

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12
Q

Hypocalcemia Cause /

A

C = crohn D, vitamin D, post thyroidectomy

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13
Q

Hypocalcemia Nurse Actions

A

CA+ supplements, safety precautions, I/O, FOOD(dairy, greens)

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14
Q

Hypomagnesemia Cause

A

use of loop or thiazide, high kidney excretion, chron D

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15
Q

Hypomagnesemia Interventions

A

IN = stop med, monitor HR, DON’T give to renal F pts

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16
Q

Hypovolemic Causes

A

Polyuria (pee a lot)
Loss of Fluid from Everywhere