Acid Base Imbalances Flashcards
What is pH and the normal range ?
Regulated by both the lungs and kidneys
Measurement of the body being acidosis or alkalosis
Range 7.35 - 7.45
What is PACO2 and the range ?
Measurement of Carbon Dioxide in the blood
** CarbondiACID
Regulated by the blood
35 - 45
What is HOC3 and the range ?
Bicarbonate in the blood , **BASE
Regulated by the kidneys
22 - 26
Respiratory ACIDosis: Hypoventilation
pH < 7.35 and CO2 >45
The lungs are retaining TOO MUCH Co2
The kidneys compensate by excreting excess hydrogen and retain bicarb.
LOW/SLOW RR
Respiratory ACIDosis: Hypoventilation Causes
Opioids or sedations
Fluid in the lungs
Brain damage at the site of the respiratory center
Pulmonary emboli
Asthma
COPD/emphysema
Treatment: Respiratory ACIDosis
Administer oxygen
Increased fluids if the patient has pneumonia
Monitor K= levels
Respiratory Alkalosis: Hyperventilation
pH > 7.35 and O2 <35
Lungs are LOSING too much Co2
Respiratory Alkalosis: Hyperventilation Causes
Losing CO2
Tachypnea
Increased body temperature
ASA toxicity
Treatment: Respiratory Alkalosis
Correct the breathing problem
Rebreathe to contain CO2
Administer anti-anxiety medications
Monitor K+ and Ca levels
Metabolic Acidosis
pH <7.35 and HCO3 < 22
A kidney Problem!
TOO MUCH hydrogen and too little bicarb
Metabolic Acidosis Causes
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Acute/chronic kidney injury
Malnutrition
Severe diarrhea
Treatment: Metabolic Acidosis
Administer IV solution to increase bases and decrease acids
Seizure precautions
Monitor K+ levels
DKA
Administer insulin to stop the breakdown of fats
Kidney Disease
Dialysis
Metabolic Alkalosis
pH >7.45 and HCO3 > 26
This is a kidney problem!
TOO MUCH bicarb and too little hydrogen
Metabolic Alkalosis Causes
OD of antacids
Diuretics
Excessive vomiting
Hyperaldosteronism
Treatment: Metabolic Alkalosis
Monitor K= and Ca levels
Administer IV fluids to help remove bicarb from the kidneys
Replace K-
Control vomiting
Monitor respirations
