Fluid and Electrolyte Metabolism Flashcards
Electrolyte, acid-base imbalance in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
hypochloremic hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
In hyponatremia due to HF and cirrhosis, expected urine Na would be ___
low (<20)
Because there is intracellular depletion
In hypovolemic shock, when you can’t get vascular access and pulse is thready, what do you do next?
Place an IO
DONT start chest compressions or place a central line
In hypovolemic shock, when you can’t get vascular access and pulse is thready, what do you do next?
Place an IO
DONT start chest compressions or place a central line
Which one would cause anion gap acidosis? Isopropyl alcohol or ethanol?
Ethanol
Methanol does too
Dehydration from sweating, especially in CF, would show what lab abnormalities?
Extreme losses of NaCl
Low Na
Low Cl
Metabolic alkalosis
Hypo K
In HHS, what’s the first thing you do?
saline bolus at least 20 ml/kg
insulin can wait (0.025-0.05u/kg/h) after glucose levels stop declining by at least 50 mg/dl/h by fluid administration alone
Formula for serum osm
2x Na + BUN/2.8 + Glucose /18
Abx to give for UTI ppx
Amoxicillin for <2 mo
Otherwise:
#1 Bactrim (no matter what susceptibilities show)
If sulfa allergy or breakthrough with bactrim, nitrofurantoin
If breakthrough with both, then cephalexin
Indication for UTI ppx
Low grade VUR with recurrent UTI
> Grade III
Non-toilet trained children with any grade VUR
Serum finding of acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
Low complement C3
Normal C4
Coca-cola colored urine after infection, also found to have edema, diagnosis?
poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Lupus nephritis serum finding
Low C4, likely also low C3
Tx of hypertensive emergency
nitro gtt
Tx of hypertensive emergency
nitro gtt
