Fluid And Electrolyte Balance Flashcards
Intracellular fluid
- Is 2/3 of total body fluid.
- essential for cell metabolism
- Primary cations in ICF are potassium and magnesium
- primary anions are phosphate and sulfate
Difference between anion and cation
Anion- negative charge
Cation- positive charge
Extracellular fluid
1/3 total body fluid
Transports nutrients to cells
Transports waste to kidneys or other disposal.
Consists of intravascular fluid (in vessels)
And interstitial fluid (between cells and blood vessels)
In GI and lymph systems.
Primary cation- sodium,
Primary anion- bicarbonate and chloride
Diffusion
Movement of fluids and electrolytes from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
Example is the movement of oxygen from alveoli into pulmonary blood vessels.
Filtration
Movement of fluid and electrolytes from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure based on the mechanism of hydrostatic pressure.
Movement of blood from capillaries into interstitial fluid is an example of hydrostatic pressure.
Main element responsible for ensuring acid-base balance.
Hydrogen
Hydrogen ion concentration
If hydrogen ion concentration is lower than neutral the pH values will be higher than neutron.
Low hydrogen= then pH is alkaline, higher than 7.
High hydrogen= then pH is acid, lower than 7.
Buffer
Anything that either binds (absorbs) or releases hydrogen ions.
Buffers stabilize hydrogen ion concentration by neutralizing strong acids or alkalis(bases).
Normal pH of body fluids
7.35- 7.45
How do lungs maintain acid-base balance?
Normal respiration eliminates carbon dioxide.
Carbon dioxide can contribute to acidosis if it accumulates in the blood as carbonic acid.
How do kidneys maintain acid-base balance?
Kidneys are primary regulator of overall fluid and electrolyte balance in the body.
Kidneys either excrete hydrogen and/or bicarbonate ions in urine or by reabsorbing these ions.
Primary hormones that influence urinary output and fluid balance (2)
Aldosterone and
anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
ADH plays Important role in fluid reabsorption into the blood.
Sodium (Na+)
Primary cation and extracellular fluid.
Maintains fluid balance.
Sodium aids in muscle contraction and transmission of nerve impulses to the muscles.
Aldosterone
Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal gland.
Helps to maintain sodium balance and potassium balance
Regulates chloride
Potassium (K+)
Primary cation in intracellular fluid.
Responsible for overall muscle contraction, cardiac muscle contraction in particular and impulse transmission of nerves.
Calcium (Ca2+)
Cation
Most plentiful electrolyte in the body. Important for bone into the formation, muscle contraction and relaxation, impulse conduction in the heart, and clotting of blood.
Magnesium (M2+)
Cation in intracellular fluid.
Helps to regulate the heart, promotes neuromuscular and metabolic functioning, component of bones.
kidneys help regulate magnesium
Chloride (Cl-)
Most plentiful anion in extracellular fluid.
Regulated by kidneys and aldosterone secretion.
Gastric juice in the stomach is composed largely of chloride in the form of hydrochloric acid.
Bicarbonate (HCO2-)
Present in both fluid compartments intra-and extra cellular.
Considered a base or alkaline buffer and aids in regulating acid-base balance.
Not ingested in food but is continually produced by the body through various metabolic processes
Phosphate (HPO4 2-)
Most plentiful intracellular anion. A buffer.
Phosphate is important to the formation of bones and teeth; carbohydrate protein and fat metabolism; neuromuscular activity; acid-base balance and calcium regulation
regulated by kidneys and parathyroid hormone
Normal sodium value
135-146 meq/ l
Potassium lab value range
3.5-5.3 meq/l
Over 7 is dangerous
Calcium lab value range
8.5- 10.5 mg/dL total serum Ca
Magnesium normal lab value range
1.5 -2.5 milliequivalents per liter