Elimination- Intestinal And Urinary

Question 1

Newborn stools:

Meconium and transition stools

Answer 1

Meconium: black and tarry, no odor, usually within 24 hours of birth.
Transitional stools: approx first 7 days of life, green- yellow with mucus

Question 2

Another name for burping

Answer 2

Eructation

Question 3

Encopresis

Answer 3

Condition associated with constipation and fecal retention In which watery colonic contents bypass the hard fecal masses and pass through the rectum.
Usually describes fecal incontinence in children 4 and older.

Question 4

Enuresis

Answer 4

Night time bedwetting in children

Question 5

Nocturia

Answer 5

Frequent urination at night

Question 6

Medications that commonly causes constipation

Answer 6

Antacids with aluminum, antidepressants, anti-histamines, minerals(iron), Chronic use of laxatives, narcotics or opiates

Question 7

Medications that commonly caused diarrhea

Answer 7

Antacid with magnesium, antibiotics, antihypertensives, antivirals, immunosuppressant, stimulant laxatives.

Question 8

Medications are commonly causes urinary retention

Answer 8

Anticholinergics (atropine), Antidepressants, anti-histamine’s, antipsychotics, anti-Parkinson’s drugs, antivirals

Question 9

Polyuria

Answer 9

Voiding large amounts
AKA- diuresis
Causes: DM, diuretics, certain beverages
Complications: Fluid and electrolyte imbalance, dehydration and weight loss

Question 10

Oliguria

Answer 10

Abnormally small amount of urine below the normal minimum output of an adult of 500 mL per day

Question 11

Anuria

Answer 11

Partial Or total failure of the kidneys to produce urine

Question 12

Colonic atony

Answer 12

Poor intestinal muscle tone.

Can be caused by overuse of laxatives

Question 13

BUN - Blood Urea Nitrogen

What is it and what are normal ranges?

Answer 13

Determines kidney function and hydration. Reflects protein intake.
Measures the nitrogen fraction of urea, the chief and product of protein metabolism.
Normal range: 10-25 mg/dL

Low range means protein intake is low.

High range means Renal disease, urinary tract obstructions, prolonged bed rest, and severe dehydration

Question 14

Serum creatinine

What is it and what is normal range?

Answer 14

Determines kidney function, processes glomerular filtration and renal damage.

Norm: 0.06- 1.2 mg/dL

Increased result Indicate serious renal disease with damage to kidney nephrons.

Question 15

Creatinine clearance

Answer 15

24 hour urine collection to monitor progress of renal insufficiency. Measures both urine and plasma creatine clearance.

Question 16

Ketosis

Answer 16

Excessive amounts of ketone bodies in the urine. When fat is used for energy instead of glucose, the liver produces ketones.
Not usually present in urine but can be found in the form of acetone in the urine of uncontrolled diabetics.

Question 17

What is the equation for weighing the amount of urine in a diaper?

Answer 17

One gram = one ml of urine