Fluency Definition, Symptoms Flashcards
fluency latin for
fluent speech:
some
little
feeling
fluency disorders: ... ... ... ...
typical disfluencies
cognitive or physical effort
good or neutral about speaking
developmental stuttering
neurogenic stuttering
psychogenic stuttering
cluttering
definition of stuttering
- conflicting theories about the
- some disagreement relative to
underlying nature of the disorder
-description of the behavioral make-up of stuttering
definition based on hypothesis about etiology:
johnson:
coriat:
brutten and shoemaker:
anticipatory, apprehensive, hypertonic avoidance reaction
psycho-neurosis
that form of fluency failure resulting from conditioned negative emotion
definitions only dealing with audible aspects:
van riper: stuttering is a deviation in the ?
andrews et al: repetitions and prolongations are ?
ongoing fluency of speech, an inability to maintain connected rhythms of speech
necessary and sufficient for the diagnosis of stuttering to be made
somewhat more complex definitions:
van riper: the forward flow of speech is interrupted by ?
wingate:
- disruption in rhe fluency of ?
- sometimes accompanied by
- reports of presence of an
- .. in the peripheral speech mechanism
motorically disrupted sound, syllable or word, or by the speaker’s reactions thereto
verbal expression; involuntary, audible or silent repetitions and prolongations of sounds, syllables and words of one syllable; occur frequently or are marked in character
- accessory activities
- emotional state
- incoordination
Language about stuttering:
person? vs. ?
models of disability:
person who stutters vs. stutterer
medical model
social model
What do we know about stuttering behaviors? -interruption of -may also be associated with ? ex: reported feeling of
forward flow of speech
- other physical, emotional, and cognitive factors
- speech rate
- postural adjustments made by the speaker
- loss of control
Importance of good operational definition for defining stuttering: -freq. mean freq. of .. rate ratings of
of stuttering mean duration specified disfluency types speech rate severity
Measurement frequency of stuttering: number or percentage of -moments of -.. words .... syllables no ?
among adults on average … of words are stuttered in oral reading g
median:
stuttering
stuttered words
stuttered syllables
simple ratio to convert syllable to word unit
10%
17.5% in extemporaneous speech
frequency of stuttering:
distribution of ?
more reliable count of stuttering among
however, still a lack of
stutterers/PWS is skewed
-trained compared to untrained observers
inter-rater reliability and intra-rater reliability
Measurement: Mean duration
average duration of stuttering block is about
little variation in the ?
1 second (912 ms)
duration of stuttering moment (shortest block .41, longest: 4.32)
speech contains a variety of
interruptions regardless of type of disfluency disorder
frequency of specified disfluency types: part- word repetitions monosyllabic word repetitions prolongations: -oral/audible -silent (blocks) broken words multisyllabic word rep. interjections phrase repetitions revisions incomplete phrases
p-p-p-paper
the-the-the
fffffffries _Hi tal_ent basketball basketball um, uh, like i need i need i went to we went to i went to ....*
within word disfluencies:
between word
stuttering like disfluencies
other disfluencies
monosyllabic word rep. sound/syllable repetition audible prolongation inaudible prolongation broken word
phrase rep. polysyllabic whole-word repetition interjection revision incomplete phrase
part-word rep.
monosyllabic word rep.
disrhythmic phonation
interjection
phrase repetition
revision/incomplete phrase
Measurement: Speech rate:
time: positive correlation between
increased: stuttering generally associated with
rate:
negative correlation between
increased stuttering generally associated with
stuttering freq. and time
increased time needed to read aloud
and speech rate
decreased speech rate
