Flows of labour Flashcards
What does ‘flows of labour’ focus on the movement of?
People
Why are flows of labour less free-flowing than financial markets?
Money can be sent online.
Migration takes more time as well as restrictions on immigration
Why do most migrants move?
To seek better employment opportunities
Migrants looking to seek better employment are known as what?
Economic migrants
Migrants looking to escape their country fearing their life are known as what?
refugees
Why are the gulf states a major destination for migration?
Oil rich.
The construction boom has provided lots of employment opportunities
In 2010, why did Germany take in such a high number of migrants?
10.8 million
Syrian civil war. Germany took in more migrants than other countries
How many migrants did the US take in 2010?
42.8 million
(highest by far)
Most migration isn’t over large distances, where is it instead?
Shorter distances within the same region or neighbouring regions
(esp. Sub-saharan Africa)
What are the gulf states?
Middle east.
Countries like Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE, Kuwait, Bahrain
What skill level are most economic migrants at?
Usually not the poorest. Have some education, skills and some financial means
Where was the largest regional flow of labour between 2005 and 2010?
In Asia.
Around 5 million workers moved from south asia to west asia
(e.g. India to Dubai)
What are the tiger economies?
Countries like Malaysia, Thailand, etc
How many migrants were killed working in 10 years in Asia?
6500 migrants.
Average 12 per week
By how much did the number of non-displaced international migrants in the Middle East increase by between 2005 and 2015?
61%
From 19 to 31 million
What is xenophobia?
Dislike of people who are different
Why is xenophobia increasing in the UK?
The media and political representation of migrants entering the country.
“low skilled migrants taking our jobs” - Theresa May
How much of the UK workforce is composed of migrants?
17%
5.4 million people
What type of jobs do migrants typically do?
examples include:
Food processing, clothes manufacturing, cleaning and IT
In the UK, what percentage of migrants work in food product manufacturing?
38%
What percentage of UK construction workers are migrants?
10%
2.1 million
In 2015, what percentage of NHS workers were migrants?
around 19%
around 235,000 people
In 2015, what percentage of doctors were migrants?
30%
What is the IPPR?
Institute for Public Policy Research
In 2011, how much did SSWA receive from remittance payments?
estimated $90 Billion
What is SSWA?
South and South West Asia
How much of Afghanistan and Pakistan’s labour force is unemployed?
Over one third of Afghanistan
around 15% of Pakistan
How high are unemployment rates in Bangladesh?
May be as high as 30%
How many Nepalese migrants currently live in India?
1.5 million migrants
How many international migrants are there?
Estimated 232 million
180m of which are from poor countries
Globally how much money is distributed as remittances?
$413 billion
How does the amount of remittance payments compare to the amount of government aid?
$135bn from aid
$413bn remittances.
3x more from remittances
How much of Somalia’s GDP comes from remittances?
35%
Relies heavily on them as their GDP is only $1250
What country has the highest amount of remittances? (GDP)
Tajikistan. 42% of the GDP
How has the Nepal poverty rates changed over the years? (from remittances)
Moved from 42% to 31%
What are exorbitant costs?
The cost to send money
Why do many rich nations ban sending money abroad?
Risk of money laundering
What countries in Eastern Europe have the highest remittance rates?
Moldova (12%)
Montenegro (11%)
