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Botany > Flowering Plants > Flashcards

Flowering Plants Flashcards

1
Q

Columbine

A

Five spurred petals

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2
Q

Monkshood or wolfsbane

A
  • yields aconite - drug once used to treat rheumatism and neuralgia
  • very poisonous
  • wolf hunters used juice from roots to poison wolves
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3
Q

Dicots - the laurel family

A
  • Lauraceae
  • about 1,000 species of tropical evergreen shrubs and trees
  • no petals, but sepals sometimes petal-like
  • stamens in three or four whorls, anthers open by flaps that lift up
  • cinnamon - pulverized bark of small tree
  • cassia
  • camphor - cold remedies, insecticides
  • sassafras trees - native to eastern US
  • sweet bay - flavoring in meat dishes
  • avocado
  • California bay
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4
Q

Dicots - the poppy family

A
  • Papaveraceae
  • herbs of temperate and subtropical regions
  • numerous stamens, but single pistil
  • milky or colored sap
  • all species produce alkaloidal drugs
  • opium poppies
  • prickly poppy flower
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5
Q

Opium poppies

A
  • opium - white fluid from capsules
  • morphine and codeine - heroin
  • papaverine and noscapine
  • poppy seeds
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6
Q

Dicots - the mustard family

A
  • Brassicaceae
  • nearly all 2,500 species in temperate and cooler regions of North America
  • four flower petals arranged in a cross
  • six stamen: 2 short, 4 long
  • fruits - siliques or silicles
  • all produce pungent watery juice
  • many cultivated edible plants: cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, radish, turnip, horseradish, watercress, rutabaga
  • mustard - ground seeds of two species of Brassica
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7
Q

Dicots - the rose family

A
  • Rosaceae
  • more than 3,000 species of trees, shrubs, and herbs
  • flowers have basal parts fused into cup, with petals, sepals and numerous stamens attached to cups rim
  • family subdivided into subfamilies on basis of flower structure and fruits
  • stone fruits, pome fruits, aggravate fruits, garden ornamentals (roses), fragrances, and fruits of roses
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8
Q

Stone fruits

A

Cherries, apricots, peaches, and plums

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9
Q

Pome fruits

A

Apples, pears

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10
Q

Aggregate fruits

A

Strawberries, blackberries, raspberries

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11
Q

Fruits of roses

A

Hips - vitamin C

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12
Q

Dicots - the legume family

A
  • Fabaceae
  • third largest of flowering plant families with 13,000 species
  • cosmopolitan
  • flowers radial to bilateral
  • stamens fused into tube around ovary
  • fruit is a legume
  • peas, beans, soybeans, peanuts, alfalfa, sweet clover, licorice, carob
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13
Q

Dicots - the spurge family

A
  • Euphorbiaceae
  • in tropical and temperate regions
  • several economically important plants: cassava, para rubber tree
  • stamens and pistils produced in separate flowers
  • flowers often inconspicuous and lack Corolla
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14
Q

Cassava

A

Staple food in tropical regions

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15
Q

Para rubber tree

A

Crude rubber from latex of inner bark

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16
Q

The spurge family

Inflorescence - cyathium

A
  • female flower elevated on stalk called gynophore and surrounded by several male flowers that each consist of little more than an anther
  • male and female flowers inserted on a cup composed of fused bracts, usually with glands on rim
  • sometimes surrounded by colored bracts
17
Q

Dicots - the cactus family

A
  • Cactaceae
  • more then 1,500 species native only to Americas in dry, subtropical regions
  • leaves reduced in size, often spines
  • fleshy stems
  • flowers showy - numerous stamens, petals, and sepals - inferior ovary develops into berry
  • most have edible fruit - prickly pear fruits
18
Q

Dicots - the mint family

A
  • Lamiaceae
  • 3,000 species
  • unique combination of angular stems that are square in cross section, opposite leaves, and bilaterally symmetrical flowers
  • ovary superior and four-parted, developing into four nutlets
  • plants produce mint oils
19
Q

Mint oils

A
  • used medicinally and as antiseptic in different parts of the world
  • menthol used in toothpaste, candies, gum, liqueurs, and cigarettes
  • Rosemary, thyme, sage, oregano, marjoram, basil, lavender, catnip, pappermint, spearmint
20
Q

Dicots - the nightshade family

A
  • Solanaceae
  • 3,000 species concentrated in tropics of central and South America
  • flowers have fused petals with stamens fused to corolla
  • superior ovary develops into berry or capsule
  • tomato, white potato, eggplant, peppers, tobacco, petunia
  • many poisonous and some have drug uses
21
Q

Many nightshade are poisonous and some have drug uses

A
  • belladonna drug complex
  • capsicum from red pepper - gastric stimulant
  • jimson weed - asthma
  • tobacco
22
Q

Belladonna drug complex

A
  • atropine - shock treatment, pain relief

- scopolamine - tranquilizer

23
Q

Dicots - the carrot family

A
  • Apiaceae
  • approx 2,000 members widely distributed in northern hemisphere
  • savory-aromatic herbs, with dissected leaves, and petiole bases that form sheaths around stem
  • flowers small, numerous and arranged in umbels
  • inferior ovary and two-lobed stigma
  • dill, celery, carrot, parsley, caraway, coriander, fennel, anise, parsnip
  • some poisonous: water hemlock
24
Q

Water hemlock

A

Socrates believed to have died from ingestion

25
Q

Dicots - the pumpkin family

A
  • Cucurbitaceae
  • 700 species of prostrate or climbing herbaceous vines
  • flowers unisexual with fused petals
  • female flowers with inferior ovary of three carpels
  • pumpkins, squashes, cucumbers, cantaloupes, gourds
26
Q

Dicots - the sunflower family

A
  • Asteraceae
  • second largest flowering plant family with about 20,000 species
  • dandelions, lettuce, endive, chicory, artichoke, dahlia, chrysanthemum, marigold, sunflower, thistle
  • tarragon
  • florets arranged in compact inflorescence that resembles a single flower
27
Q

Tarragon

A

Spice in meat and pickle

28
Q

Florets

A

Individual flowers

29
Q

Monocots - the grass family

A
  • Poaceae
  • flowers wind-pollinated and highly specialized
  • calyx and corolla are tiny scales
  • flowers protected in boat-shaped bracts
  • stigmas exposed and feathery
  • leaf bases sheath stems
  • contains nearly all cereals: wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, corn
  • sugar cane - six meters tall
  • baskets, fibers, thatching for nuts
  • citronella oil
30
Q

Sugar cane

A
  • Juice squeezed from cane, then centrifuged
  • solids crystallized into table sugar
  • dark remnant - molasses
31
Q

Monocots - the lily family

A
  • Liliaceae
  • approx 4,550 members that occur in almost any area supporting vegetation
  • flowers often large and their parts are in multiples of three, with sepals and petals often resembling each other
  • lilies, daffodils, asparagus, sarsaparilla, aloe, onions, garlic
  • meadow saffron
  • bowstring helps (sansevierias)
32
Q

Meadow saffron

A

Source of colchicine used to treat rheumatism

33
Q

Bowstring hemps

A

House plants; long fibers for string, rope, bowstrings

34
Q

Monocots - the orchid family

A
  • Orchidaceae
  • very large family with more than 35,000 species, especially abundant in tropics
  • widely distributed with diverse habitats
  • flowers exceptionally varied in size and form
  • many epiphytic on bark of trees
  • others aquatic or terrestrial and saprophytic
  • specific adaptations between orchid flowers and pollinators are extraordinary and sometimes bizarre
  • vanilla from vanilla orchid
  • three sepals and petals, with one of petals differing from other two
  • stamens and pistil united in single structure - column
  • minute seeds produced in prodigious numbers
35
Q

Anthers contain sacs of pollen called ___

A

Pollinia

36
Q

Dicots - The buttercup family

A
  • Ranunculaceae
  • nearly all 1500 species are herbaceous
  • petals vary in number
  • numerous stamens
  • several to many pistils with superior ovaries
  • concentrated in north temperate and arctic regions
  • most as least slightly poisonous
  • columbine, hepatica, monkshood or wolfsbane

Botany (23 decks)

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