Flowering Plants Flashcards
1
Q
Columbine
A
Five spurred petals
2
Q
Monkshood or wolfsbane
A
- yields aconite - drug once used to treat rheumatism and neuralgia
- very poisonous
- wolf hunters used juice from roots to poison wolves
3
Q
Dicots - the laurel family
A
- Lauraceae
- about 1,000 species of tropical evergreen shrubs and trees
- no petals, but sepals sometimes petal-like
- stamens in three or four whorls, anthers open by flaps that lift up
- cinnamon - pulverized bark of small tree
- cassia
- camphor - cold remedies, insecticides
- sassafras trees - native to eastern US
- sweet bay - flavoring in meat dishes
- avocado
- California bay
4
Q
Dicots - the poppy family
A
- Papaveraceae
- herbs of temperate and subtropical regions
- numerous stamens, but single pistil
- milky or colored sap
- all species produce alkaloidal drugs
- opium poppies
- prickly poppy flower
5
Q
Opium poppies
A
- opium - white fluid from capsules
- morphine and codeine - heroin
- papaverine and noscapine
- poppy seeds
6
Q
Dicots - the mustard family
A
- Brassicaceae
- nearly all 2,500 species in temperate and cooler regions of North America
- four flower petals arranged in a cross
- six stamen: 2 short, 4 long
- fruits - siliques or silicles
- all produce pungent watery juice
- many cultivated edible plants: cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, radish, turnip, horseradish, watercress, rutabaga
- mustard - ground seeds of two species of Brassica
7
Q
Dicots - the rose family
A
- Rosaceae
- more than 3,000 species of trees, shrubs, and herbs
- flowers have basal parts fused into cup, with petals, sepals and numerous stamens attached to cups rim
- family subdivided into subfamilies on basis of flower structure and fruits
- stone fruits, pome fruits, aggravate fruits, garden ornamentals (roses), fragrances, and fruits of roses
8
Q
Stone fruits
A
Cherries, apricots, peaches, and plums
9
Q
Pome fruits
A
Apples, pears
10
Q
Aggregate fruits
A
Strawberries, blackberries, raspberries
11
Q
Fruits of roses
A
Hips - vitamin C
12
Q
Dicots - the legume family
A
- Fabaceae
- third largest of flowering plant families with 13,000 species
- cosmopolitan
- flowers radial to bilateral
- stamens fused into tube around ovary
- fruit is a legume
- peas, beans, soybeans, peanuts, alfalfa, sweet clover, licorice, carob
13
Q
Dicots - the spurge family
A
- Euphorbiaceae
- in tropical and temperate regions
- several economically important plants: cassava, para rubber tree
- stamens and pistils produced in separate flowers
- flowers often inconspicuous and lack Corolla
14
Q
Cassava
A
Staple food in tropical regions
15
Q
Para rubber tree
A
Crude rubber from latex of inner bark
16
Q
The spurge family
Inflorescence - cyathium
A
- female flower elevated on stalk called gynophore and surrounded by several male flowers that each consist of little more than an anther
- male and female flowers inserted on a cup composed of fused bracts, usually with glands on rim
- sometimes surrounded by colored bracts
17
Q
Dicots - the cactus family
A
- Cactaceae
- more then 1,500 species native only to Americas in dry, subtropical regions
- leaves reduced in size, often spines
- fleshy stems
- flowers showy - numerous stamens, petals, and sepals - inferior ovary develops into berry
- most have edible fruit - prickly pear fruits
18
Q
Dicots - the mint family
A
- Lamiaceae
- 3,000 species
- unique combination of angular stems that are square in cross section, opposite leaves, and bilaterally symmetrical flowers
- ovary superior and four-parted, developing into four nutlets
- plants produce mint oils
19
Q
Mint oils
A
- used medicinally and as antiseptic in different parts of the world
- menthol used in toothpaste, candies, gum, liqueurs, and cigarettes
- Rosemary, thyme, sage, oregano, marjoram, basil, lavender, catnip, pappermint, spearmint
20
Q
Dicots - the nightshade family
A
- Solanaceae
- 3,000 species concentrated in tropics of central and South America
- flowers have fused petals with stamens fused to corolla
- superior ovary develops into berry or capsule
- tomato, white potato, eggplant, peppers, tobacco, petunia
- many poisonous and some have drug uses
21
Q
Many nightshade are poisonous and some have drug uses
A
- belladonna drug complex
- capsicum from red pepper - gastric stimulant
- jimson weed - asthma
- tobacco
22
Q
Belladonna drug complex
A
- atropine - shock treatment, pain relief
- scopolamine - tranquilizer
23
Q
Dicots - the carrot family
A
- Apiaceae
- approx 2,000 members widely distributed in northern hemisphere
- savory-aromatic herbs, with dissected leaves, and petiole bases that form sheaths around stem
- flowers small, numerous and arranged in umbels
- inferior ovary and two-lobed stigma
- dill, celery, carrot, parsley, caraway, coriander, fennel, anise, parsnip
- some poisonous: water hemlock
24
Q
Water hemlock
A
Socrates believed to have died from ingestion
25
Q
Dicots - the pumpkin family
A
- Cucurbitaceae
- 700 species of prostrate or climbing herbaceous vines
- flowers unisexual with fused petals
- female flowers with inferior ovary of three carpels
- pumpkins, squashes, cucumbers, cantaloupes, gourds
26
Q
Dicots - the sunflower family
A
- Asteraceae
- second largest flowering plant family with about 20,000 species
- dandelions, lettuce, endive, chicory, artichoke, dahlia, chrysanthemum, marigold, sunflower, thistle
- tarragon
- florets arranged in compact inflorescence that resembles a single flower
27
Q
Tarragon
A
Spice in meat and pickle
28
Q
Florets
A
Individual flowers
29
Q
Monocots - the grass family
A
- Poaceae
- flowers wind-pollinated and highly specialized
- calyx and corolla are tiny scales
- flowers protected in boat-shaped bracts
- stigmas exposed and feathery
- leaf bases sheath stems
- contains nearly all cereals: wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, corn
- sugar cane - six meters tall
- baskets, fibers, thatching for nuts
- citronella oil
30
Q
Sugar cane
A
- Juice squeezed from cane, then centrifuged
- solids crystallized into table sugar
- dark remnant - molasses
31
Q
Monocots - the lily family
A
- Liliaceae
- approx 4,550 members that occur in almost any area supporting vegetation
- flowers often large and their parts are in multiples of three, with sepals and petals often resembling each other
- lilies, daffodils, asparagus, sarsaparilla, aloe, onions, garlic
- meadow saffron
- bowstring helps (sansevierias)
32
Q
Meadow saffron
A
Source of colchicine used to treat rheumatism
33
Q
Bowstring hemps
A
House plants; long fibers for string, rope, bowstrings
34
Q
Monocots - the orchid family
A
- Orchidaceae
- very large family with more than 35,000 species, especially abundant in tropics
- widely distributed with diverse habitats
- flowers exceptionally varied in size and form
- many epiphytic on bark of trees
- others aquatic or terrestrial and saprophytic
- specific adaptations between orchid flowers and pollinators are extraordinary and sometimes bizarre
- vanilla from vanilla orchid
- three sepals and petals, with one of petals differing from other two
- stamens and pistil united in single structure - column
- minute seeds produced in prodigious numbers
35
Q
Anthers contain sacs of pollen called ___
A
Pollinia
36
Q
Dicots - The buttercup family
A
- Ranunculaceae
- nearly all 1500 species are herbaceous
- petals vary in number
- numerous stamens
- several to many pistils with superior ovaries
- concentrated in north temperate and arctic regions
- most as least slightly poisonous
- columbine, hepatica, monkshood or wolfsbane
