Ch. 10

Question 1

Photoautotrophs use energy to..

Answer 1

Assimilate small inorganic molecules

Question 2

How do heterotrophs get their energy?

Answer 2

They take in organic molecules and respire them for energy

Question 3

Photosynthesis is a complex process by which..

Answer 3

Carbon dioxide is converted to carbohydrate

Question 4

Light is converted to chemical energy as it is captured by ___.

Answer 4

Plant pigments

Question 5

Energy carriers transfer energy from pigments to ___

Answer 5

Endergonic reactions

Question 6

Photosynthetic reactions produce ___

Answer 6

ATP

Question 7

ADP can be phosphorylated to ATP by 3 methods:

Answer 7

• Photophosphorylation - photosynthesis; chloroplasts only
• substrate-level phosphorylation- respiration; cystol
• oxidative phosphorylation - respiration; mitochondria

Question 8

CO2 is the ___ form of carbon

Carbohydrate is the ___ form of carbon

Answer 8

Oxidized; reduced

Question 9

Oxidized

Answer 9

Not carrying as many electrons as it could

Question 10

Reduced

Answer 10

Electrons are added to an atom

Question 11

To convert CO2 to carbohydrates a plant needs both ___ and ___

Answer 11

Energy and reducing power

Question 12

___ and ___ are oxidizing agents

Answer 12

NAD+ and NADP+

Question 13

___ and ___ are strong reducing agents

Answer 13

NADH and NADPH

Question 14

The tendency to accept or donate elections varies greatly and is known as a molecules..

Answer 14

Redox potential

Question 15

Cytochromes are..

Answer 15

Intrinsic membrane proteins

Question 16

Cytochromes contain a cofactor, ___, which holds an iron atom

Answer 16

Heme

Question 17

Plastiquinones, like cytochromes, transport..

Answer 17

Electrons over short distances within a membrane

Question 18

Plastocyanin is..

Answer 18

A small protein that carries electrons on a copper atom

Question 19

Electron source is ___, and energy source is ___

Answer 19

Water; light

Question 20

Light-dependent reactions create __ and ___

Answer 20

ATP and NADPH

Question 21

____ is where ATP and NADPH interact with CO2 to produce carbohydrate

Answer 21

Stroma reactions

Question 22

___ is one small segment of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum

Answer 22

Light

Question 23

___ wavelengths have ___ energy

Answer 23

Short; high

Question 24

___ are any material that absorbed certain wavelengths

Answer 24

Pigments

Question 25

___ is the wavelengths of light a pigment absorbs

Answer 25

Absorption spectrum

Question 26

___ absorbs red light and blue light very well

Answer 26

Chlorophyll-a

Question 27

___ shows which wavelengths are most effective at powering a photochemical process

Answer 27

Action spectrum

Question 28

___ are molecules that strongly absorb wavelengths not absorbed by chlorophyll-a.

Answer 28

Accessory pigments

Question 29

The most common accessory pigments in land plants are ___ and the ___.

Answer 29

Chlorophyll-b and the carotenoids

Question 30

Absorbed energy passes to chlorophyll-a via ___

Answer 30

Resonance

Question 31

___ are poor and seem more important in absorbing excess light then protecting the chlorophylls

Answer 31

Carotenoids

Question 32

Units with little chlorophyll-b are ___.

Answer 32

Photosystem I

Question 33

Units where chlorophyll-b is present at levels almost equal to chlorophyll-a are ___

Answer 33

Photosystem II

Question 34

____ receives electrons from another carrier, Q, which in turn receives electrons from phaeophytin

Answer 34

Plastoquinone

Question 35

___ obtains another electron when a chlorophyll-a molecule absorbs light and is activated

Answer 35

Phaeophytin

Question 36

Chemiosmotic phosphorylation generates the ___

Answer 36

ATP

Question 37

Thylakoid lumen

Answer 37

Two regions of the thylakoid membrane: stroma lamella and grana

Question 38

Photoautotrophs gather energy directly from ___

Answer 38

Light