Flowering Plants

Question 1

What is a fruit

Answer 1

Things with seeds in it eg nuts, wheat, pepper

Question 2

Floral structure

Answer 2

Anther
Filament
Style
Stigma
Ovary
Receptacle

Petal
Sepal
Flower bud
Pedicel

Question 3

Flowering plant life cycle

Answer 3

Sporophyte 2n (flowering plant)
Anther = pollen sacs (microspores —> pollen grains)
Ovary - ovule —> megaspores —> embryo sac
Fertilisation
Triploid endosperm nucleus + 2n zygote
Endosperm forms food for growing embryo

Question 4

Female gametophyte

Answer 4

8 nuclei
7 cells

Question 5

Where are germinating pollen grains found

Answer 5

Stigma

Question 6

What cells make up pollen

Answer 6

Tube cell
Generative cell

Question 7

What forms the fruit

Answer 7

Ovary

Question 8

When is the embryo food source formed

Answer 8

After fertilisation

Question 9

What is a flowering plant

Answer 9

Seed plant with ovules within an ovary
Ovary becomes fruit after fertilization
Stigma and style through which pollen tube grows
Double fertilization and the production of endosperm
Flower is a modified shoot with whorls of sterile and fertile appendages

Question 10

How are angiosperms classified

Answer 10

Eudicots
Monocots

Question 11

Eudicots - flower parts

Answer 11

In fours or fives

Question 12

Eudicots - pollen

Answer 12

Triaperturate (having 3 pores or furrows)

Question 13

Eudicots - cotyledons

Answer 13

2

Question 14

Eudicots - leaf venation

Answer 14

Usually netlike

Question 15

Eudicots - primary vascular bundles in stem

Answer 15

In a ring

Question 16

Monocots - flower parts

Answer 16

In threes

Question 17

Cotyledons

Answer 17

Seed leaves

Question 18

Monocots - pollen

Answer 18

Monoaperturate (having one pore or furrow )

Question 19

Monocots - leaf venation

Answer 19

Usually parallel

Question 20

Monocots - cotyledons

Answer 20

1

Question 21

Monocots - primary vascular bundles in stem

Answer 21

Complex arrangement

Question 22

In what type of angiosperm is secondary growth common (wood)

Answer 22

Eudicots

Question 23

Monocots - roots

Answer 23

Root system usually fibrous (no main root)

Question 24

Eudicots- roots

Answer 24

Taproot (main root) usually present

Question 25

Evolutionary drivers

Answer 25

Pollination Dispersal Protection from enemies Adaptation to environment Coevolution of plants with pollinators, fruit dispersers and herbivores

Question 26

Where does the pollen tube grow through

Answer 26

Stigma and style

Question 27

What is a flower

Answer 27

A modified shoot with whorls of sterile and fertile appendages

Question 28

What percentage of angiosperms are Eudicots or monocots

Answer 28

97%

Question 29

Advantages of flowering plants

Answer 29

Rapid, efficient lifecycle Efficient dispersal of seeds and pollen Genetically adaptable

Question 30

Mutualism

Answer 30

Costs and benefits Flowers and fruits are costly Attract and reward Pollination sometimes very specific Fruit dispersal often quite generalist

Question 31

Trends in floral evolution

Answer 31

Towards fixed number of parts Fewer whorls - often fused parts Ovary inferior rather than superior Radial symmetry to bilateral symmetry

Question 32

Bat pollination

Answer 32

Large volumes of nectar Dull colour May only open at night

Question 33

Bird pollination

Answer 33

Often red flowers A lot of nectar Often a long corolla tube

Question 34

Bee pollination

Answer 34

Nectar and pollen Honey guides showy, bright petals - blue and yellow

Question 35

Wind pollinated plants

Answer 35

No showy features- tiny flowers Invest in quantity rather than quality Often grow in stands

Question 36

Speed dispersal

Answer 36

Wind Water Endozoochory (internal dispersal eg eating) Exozoochory (external dispersal)

Question 37

Important edible families

Answer 37

Apiaceae – carrots, celery Arecaceae – dates, sugars, oils Brassicaceae – cabbage, broccoli, radish Cucurbitaceae – squashes, cucumber Fabaceae – peas, beans, lentils Poaceae – grains, cane sugar Rosaceae – apples, raspberries, peaches Solanaceae – peppers, potatoes, tomatoes

Question 38

Sexual reproduction in angiosperms

Answer 38

Wind pollinated flowers Convolution of flowers and animals