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Woody Plant Identification > Flower Morphology > Flashcards

Flower Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

Pistil

A

Female reproductive organ

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2
Q

The four whorls

A

Parts of a flower

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3
Q

Sepal

A

Outer floral envelope, usually at the base of the flower - protective in bud and early fruiting stages

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4
Q

Petal

A

Inner floral envelope surrounding the reproductive organs, commonly pigmented to attract pollinators

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5
Q

Stamen

A

Male reproductive organ

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6
Q

Anther

A

Expanded, apical (at the apex) structure of a stamen that bears pollen

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7
Q

Filament

A

Stalk of a stamen

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8
Q

Stigma

A

Apical (at the apex) portion of the pistil recieving pollen

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9
Q

Style

A

Neck of a pistil

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10
Q

Ovary

A

Swollen base portion of pistil that develops into the fruit and/or seed

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11
Q

Complete (flower)

A

A flower containing all four whorls

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12
Q

Incomplete (flower)

A

A flower missing one or more of the four whorls

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13
Q

Perfect (flower)

A

A flower containing both stamens and pistils

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14
Q

Imperfect

A

A flower missing either stamen or pistils

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15
Q

Staminate

A

A flower that only contains stamen

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16
Q

Pistillate

A

A flower that only contains pistils

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17
Q

Dioecious

A

Male and female flowers on seperate plants

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18
Q

Monoecious

A

Having seperate male and female flowers on the same plant

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19
Q

Calyx

A

Collective term for fused sepals

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20
Q

Corolla

A

Collective term for fused petals

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21
Q

Teeth/Lobes

A

Free portion of the calyx or corolla

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22
Q

Throat

A

Opening at junction of free and fused portions of a corolla or calyx

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23
Q

Tube

A

Fused portion of a corolla or calyx

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24
Q

Perianth

A

Collective term for the floral envelope (sepals and petals), especially when they are similar in appearance

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25
Q

Tepal

A

A segment of the parianth not differentiated into sepals or petals

26
Q

Actinomorphic

A

Radial symmetry in which more than one line of symmetry exists in the shape of the flower

27
Q

Zygomorphic

A

Bilateral symmatry in which only one line of symmatry exists in the shape of the flower

28
Q

Inflorescence

A

Flowering or fruiting branch; term applies to the axis from which flowers and fruit are borne

29
Q

Flowering stalk

A

i.e. Inflorescence

30
Q

Pedicel

A

Stalk of an individual flower

31
Q

Rachis

A

Portion of the axis from which flowers are borne

32
Q

Peduncle

A

Stalk of an inflorescence

33
Q
A
  1. Pedicel
  2. Rachis
  3. Peduncle
35
Q

Bract

A

Modified leaf-like structure subtending a flower

36
Q

Spathe

A

An enlarged bract

37
Q

Involucre

A

A whorl of bracts subtending a flower cluster

38
Q

Indeterminate

A

Inflorescence axis ends in meristematic tissue

39
Q

Indeterminate - raceme

A

Elongate inflorescence with stalked flowers

40
Q

Indeterminate - panicle

A

Branched, racemose inflorescence

41
Q

Indeterminate - corymb

A

Flat-topped or rounded inflorescence with lower pedicels longer than upper ones

42
Q

Indeterminate - spike

A

Elongate inflorescence with sessile flowers

43
Q

Modified spikes - spadix

A

Flowers crowded and sunken into a thickened rachis

44
Q

Modified spikes - spikelet

A

Flowers clustered, surrounded by a pair of swollen brachs (most often grass species)

45
Q

Modified spikes - catkins

A

Inflorescence racemose, drops as a unit

46
Q

Determinate - dichasium

A

Inflorescence produces three flowers, middle blooming before two lateral flowers

47
Q

Determinate - cyme

A

Flat-topped or hemispherical inflorescence made up of dischasia units; a compound dichasia

48
Q

Umbel

A

Involucrate inflorescence with all pedicels rising at the same point (the apex of the peduncle)

49
Q

Compound umbel

A

An inflorescence comprised of umbel units arising at the same point (the apex of the peduncle)

50
Q

Head

A

Involucrate inflorescence of sessile flowers arising at the same point (the apex of the peduncle)

51
Q

Determinate

A

Inflorescence axis ends in a flower, halting elongation of axis

64
Q

Composite head

A

Head type inflorescence composed of many tightly packed, small ray and disc flowers

65
Q

Ray flower

A

Flower with one elongated corolla, found at the outer rim of a composite head inflorescence

66
Q

Disc flower

A

Tiny incomplete flower found at the center of composite head inflorescence

67
Q

Claw

A

A narrow, stalk-like, basal portion of a petal, sepal, or bract

68
Q

Flower envelope

A

The part of a flower that surrounds the stamens and pistil

69
Q

Spur

A

Hollow extension of a part of a flower (i.e. wild columbine)

70
Q

Anthocyanin

A

Pigments typically found in the flowers of woody plants, most common found. Typically include pinks, purples, and blues (cool colors)

71
Q

Carotenoid

A

Pigments much less common in woody plants, typically yellows, oranges, and reds (warm colors)

72
Q

Flower locations:

  1. Terminal
  2. Axillary
A

Flower locations:

  1. At the end of the branch
  2. Along the nodes
73
Q

Floriforous

A

Describing a plant that is bearing a lot of flowers

74
Q

Alternate bearing

A

Plants that cycle in high to low abundance of flowers year-to-year

Woody Plant Identification (8 decks)

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