Additional Vocabulary Flashcards
Biternate
With 2 orders of leaflets, doubly ternate with the ternate divisions again ternately divided
Exserted
Projected beyond, e.g. stamens beyond the corolla tube
Hirsute
Bearing coarse, rough, longish hairs
Nodding
Inclined, stooping, or bowing forward; stooping habit
Villous
Abounding in or covered with long, soft, straight hairs; shaggy with soft hairs
Canaliculate
Channelled; having a longitudinal groove
Campanulate
Bell-shaped
Scape
Having the floral axis more or less erect with few or no leaves
Arcuate
Curved or arched, shaped like a bow
Beard
Tufts of long hairs, a line or zone of trichomes
Ensiform
Sword-shaped
Falls
The drooping sepals of an iris flower
Standard
The upward curving petals of an iris flower
Crest
An elevated ridge or rib on a surface
Sheathing leaf
A leaf in which the petiole and/or base surrounds the stem for an extended length like a tube
Frond
A large, divided leaf of a fern or palm
Dimorphic
Two forms (different sizes and/or shapes) within the same species
Sterile frond
A leaf of a fern that does not bear spores
Fertile frond
A reproductive leaf of a fern that bears spores
Spore
A reproductive cell in ferns resulting from meiotic cell division in a sporangium
Sporangia
A spore-bearing case or sac
Circinate
Coiled from the tip downward
Fiddlehead
The furled fronds of a young fern
Tomentose
With a covering of short, matted, or tangled, soft, wooly hairs
Pilose
Bearing long, soft straight hairs
Spatulate
Simple leaf with a broad rounded apex and narrow base
Ternate
In groups of three - whorls of three leaves or compound leaf with three leaflets
Acaulescent
Without a stem, or the stem so short that the leaves are apparently all basal
Achene
A small, dry, indehiscent (non-splitting) fruit with a single seed and with the seed attached to the ovary wall at a single point
Adventitious root
A root that develops in an unusual position, such as on a stem
Basal rosette
A dense, radiating cluster of leaves (or other organs) at or near ground level
Decumbent
Reclining on the ground but with the tip ascending
Eyespot
Color change at the throat of a flower
Funnelform
Gradually widening from base to apex; funnel-shaped
Infructescence
The inflorescence at the fruiting stage; the fruit-bearing stalk
Nutation
Twining
Oblique
With unequal sides, especially a leaf base; also known as asymmetrical
Peltate
Shield-shaped; when a flat structure (such as a leaf blade) is borne on a stalk (such as the petiole) attached to the lower surface rather than to the base or margin
Prostrate
Lying flat on the ground
Revolute
With the margins rolled backward toward the underside
Rhizome
A horizontal underground stem
Scabrous
Rough to the touch due to the structure of the epidermal cells or to the presence of short, stiff hairs
Tendril
A slender, twining organ (such as a modified leaf or stem) used to grasp support for climbing
Ternate
In threes, as a compound leaf which is divided into three leaflets
Trifoliate
With three leaves or three leaflets
Tubular
With the form of a tube or cylinder
Two-lipped
Having two main projections or segments of an irregularly shaped corolla or calyx; bilabiate
Apical
At or on the apex of a structure
Diseases
Fungus- and bacteria-caused ailments
Groundcover
One of the four major plant habits. A plant where the main stems grow horizontally across the ground rather than virtically
Vine
One of the four major plant habits. A plant that climbs by special adaptations, including twining around structures, tendrils, and small adventicious roots grown along the stem
Shrub
One of the four major plant habits. Woody plant with shoots or braches emerging near the base of the plant, often without a single destinct trunk (multi-trunked)
Tree
One of the four major plant habits. A woody plant with one or two main stems, is at least 12-15ft tall, and typically with a destinct head or canopy
Shrub sizes:
Dwarf
Small
Medium
Large
Tree-like
Shrub sizes:
Dwarf: <4 ft
Small: 4-6 ft
Medium: 6-10 ft
Large: 10-18 ft
Tree-like: >18 ft
Tree sizes:
Small
Medium
Large
Tree sizes:
Small: <35 ft
Medium: 35 - 75 ft
Large: > 75 ft
Fastigiate
Of trees or shrubs, colum-like shape
Vase-shaped
Of trees or shrubs, gradually expands to broad crown
Form
The shape of a plant
Fine texture
Description for foliage with small size, smooth texture, margin entire or small teeth, and/or dissected/pinnatifid
Course texture
Description for foliage that has large size, rough surface, margine lobed or large teeth, and/or compound leaves
Deciduous
Loses all leaves during winter
Evergreen
Leaves constantly present
Broadleaf evergreen
Type of evergreen plants that are flowering
Narrowleaf evergreen
Type of evergreen that is gynosperms
Gymnosperm
A plant that has seeds unprotected by an ovary or fruit. Includes conifers, cycads, and ginkgo.
