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Into to Enviromental sciences > Flow of matter > Flashcards

Flow of matter Flashcards

1
Q

What is the importance of the water cycle?

A

Regulates the Earth’s temperature

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2
Q

What is the water cycle?

A

The continues movement of water within the earth’s atmosphere.

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3
Q

What are the stages of the water cycle?

A
  • Condensation
  • Precipitation
  • Infiltration
  • Sublimation
  • Transpiration
  • Evaporation
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4
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.
- Opposite of cellular transpiration

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5
Q

What is the process of photosyntehsis?

A

Absorbs carbon dioxide and releases oxigen
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

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6
Q

What is the process of cellular respiration?

A

Cellular respiration absorbs oxigen and releases carbon dioxide.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6H2O + 6CO2.

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7
Q

Where does cellular respiration occurs?

A

In the mithocondria

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8
Q

Where does photosyntheiss occurs?

A

In the Cloroplasts

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9
Q

What type of energy cellular respiration requires?

A

Chemical energy

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10
Q

What type of energy photosynthesis requires?

A

Light energy

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11
Q

What are the byproducts of cellular respiration?

A

CO2, water, and ATP

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12
Q

What are the byproducts of photosynthesis?

A

Glucose, oxygen, and water

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13
Q

What is the nitrogen cycle?

A

Cycle where nitrogen moves through both living and no-living things.

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14
Q

What are the five stages of the nitrogen cycle?

A
  1. Nitrogen fixation
  2. Mineralization
  3. Nitrification
  4. Ammonification
  5. Dentrification
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15
Q

What is nitrogen fixation?

A

When nitrogen moves from the atmosphere into the soil by converting nitrogen into forms that plants can absorb through rain and snow or through fertilizers.

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16
Q

Most nitrogen fixation occurs by…

A

Bacteria

17
Q

What is mineralization?

A

nitrogen moves from organic materials into an inorganic form that plants can use. Happens when animals or plants decompose.

18
Q

What is nitrification?

A

The amonia in the soil is converted into nitrites, that are used by plants and animals that consume plants.

19
Q

Who is the only organism that can turn nitrites into nitrates?

A

Bacteria

20
Q

What is ammonification?

A

When plants and animals die, the nitrogen present is released back to the soil. The decomposers convert the organic matter into ammonium.

21
Q

Who are the organisms that turn organic matter into ammonium?

A

Decomposers

22
Q

What is Dentrification?

A

Process where the nitrogen goes back to into the atmosphere by converting nitrate into gaseous nitrogen. Occurs in the absence of oxygen.

23
Q

When does dentrification happens?

A

In the abbsence of oxygen

24
Q

What is the phosphorus cycle?

A

the biogeochemical cycle that describes the movement of phosphorus through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.

25
Q

What are the stages of the phosphorus cycle?

A
  1. Weathering
  2. Absorption by Plants
  3. Absorption by Animals
  4. Return to the Environment through Decomposition
26
Q

What is weathering?

A

The phosphate salts are broken down from the rocks. These salts are washed away into the ground where they mix in the soil.

27
Q

What is absorption by plants?

A

The phosphate salts dissolved in water are absorbed by the plants. However, the amount of phosphorus present in the soil is very less.

28
Q

What is absorption by animals?

A

The animals absorb phosphorus from the plants or by consuming plant-eating animals. The rate of the phosphorus cycle is faster in plants and animals when compared to rocks.

29
Q

What is the difference between matter and energy?

A

energy flows but matter cycles

30
Q

What are the two ways that the flow of energy might occur?

A

Transfers and transformations

31
Q

What is transfer of energy?

A

simply move energy or matter from one place to another without changing it in anyway.

32
Q

What is transformation of energy?

A

move of energy and matter but in the process of doing so, there is a change of state or form.

33
Q

What are the laws of thermodynamics?

A

explain the rules that energy flows in a system

34
Q

What is the law of conservation of matter?

A

states that in a chemical reaction mass is neither created nor destroyed.

35
Q

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

A

states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be transferred.

36
Q

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

A

states that as energy is transferred or transformed, more and more of it is wasted.

37
Q

What are the implications of the first law?

A
  1. Once energey enters it will never increase
  2. In a food chain, energy transforms from light to chemical to heat energy
  3. We can never create energy for our use
  4. No new energy is being created in the universe.

Into to Enviromental sciences (5 decks)

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