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Into to Enviromental sciences > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three biotic components of an ecosystem?

A
  • Producers (autothrops)
  • Consumers (heterotrophs)
  • Decomposers
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2
Q

What is the biosphere?

A

The parts where of Earth where life exists. (All ecosystems)

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3
Q

What is a biome?

A

Large communities characterized by the same major life forms

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4
Q

What are the types of biome?

A
  • Rainforest
  • Tundra
  • Grassland
  • Savanna
  • dessert
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5
Q

What is habitat?

A

the place where an organism lives

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6
Q

What is niche?

A

The organism’s role within that enviroment

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7
Q

What are the levels of organization of life?

A
  1. Atom
  2. Molecule
  3. Cell
  4. Tissue
  5. organ
  6. Organism
  7. Population
  8. community
  9. biome
  10. biospehere
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8
Q

What is ecology?

A

Study of relationships between plants, animals, and humans in the enviroment.

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9
Q

What is food chain?

A

The trasnfer of food and energy from plants thorough a series of organisms in the ecosystem

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10
Q

How many trophic levels are in a food chain?

A

4

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11
Q

What are the levels of a food chain?

A
  1. Sun
  2. Producers
  3. Primary consumers
  4. Secondary consumers
  5. Tertiary consumers
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12
Q

What is a food web?

A

consists of all the food chains in a single ecosystem

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13
Q

What are saprophytes?

A

the living organisms that live and feed on dead and decaying organisms.

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14
Q

What are carnivores?

A

an animal that gets food from killing and eating other animals.

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15
Q

What are omnivores?

A

an animal that has the ability to eat and survive on both plant and animal matter.

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16
Q

What are detritivores?

A

organisms that consume dead and decaying organic matter known as detritus

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17
Q

What is a molecule?

A

a group of two or more atoms held together

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18
Q

What is a cell?

A

The smallest living unit of which all organisms are composed

19
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A similar group of cells organized to perform certain functions

20
Q

What is an organ?

A

A group of specialized tissues organized to perform a specific function

21
Q

What is an organism?

A

A living thing

22
Q

What is population?

A

A group of organisms that naturally interbreed

23
Q

What is a community?

A

A naturally occuring group of different organisms living in a certain area.

24
Q

What is a biome

A

Large communities characterized by the same major life forms

25
Q

What is symbiosis?

A

Any relationship or interaction between two different species.

26
Q

What are the types of symbiosis?

A
  • Predation
  • Hervibory
  • Parasitism
  • Mutualism
  • Commensalism
  • Competition
27
Q

What is predation?

A

When animals and plants (ocasionally) hunts and eats other organisms. Exp: wolves and moose
owls and mice

28
Q

What is herbivory?

A

Interaction where animals feeds on a plant.
Exp: hippo
Jiraffe

29
Q

What is parasitism?

A

Relationship between two species of plants or animals in which one benefits at the expense of the other.

30
Q

What are ectoparasites?

A

Live on the surface of the hosts. Ex: mites

31
Q

What are endoparasites?

A

Live inside their hosts. Ex: tapeworms

32
Q

What is mutualism?

A

Symbiosis in which two organisms live together. The two species benefit from the other.
Exp: coral reefs
clownfish and anemones
honeyguides and humans

33
Q

What is the competition?

A

When resources are limited the population competes in order to survive.
Is the demand by individuals for limited resources.

34
Q

What is intraspecific competition?

A

Within the same species

35
Q

What is interspecific competition?

A

Between different species. (Neither species benefits.)

36
Q

What is commensalism?

A

type of relationship between two living organisms in which one organism benefits from the other without harming it.
Exp:Remora and shark
Cowbird and bison

37
Q

What is the trophic level?

A

A position an organisms occupies in a food chain

38
Q

What are detritivores?

A

get their energy from detritus, nonliving organic material → remains of dead organisms feces, fallen leaves, wood.

39
Q

What is Eutrophication?

A

Eutrophication is y excessive plant and algal growth due to the increased availability of one or more limiting growth factors like fertilizers.

40
Q

What is an algal bloom?

A

occurs when toxin-producing algae grow excessively in a body of water.

41
Q

What are the ways of avoiding eutrophication?

A
  • Implementation of a filter
  • Reduce the use of fertalizers
  • Consume less meat to reduce demand for livestock that produces large amounts of waste
42
Q

What is biomagnifiaction?

A

the process by which a compound (such as a pollutant or pesticide) increases its concentration in the tissues of organisms as it travels up the food chain

43
Q

What is bioccumulation?

A

When pollutants build up in a single organism’s body over time.

Into to Enviromental sciences (5 decks)

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