Flood Risk Assessment: Introduction to flood risk and water managment Flashcards

1
Q

Flood risk = Flood ______ × Consequences

A

Probability

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2
Q

Name two key reasons flood management is important.

A
  • High fatalities (e.g. China 1931)
  • Rising economic damages (e.g. UK 2007: £3B)
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3
Q

True/False
Flash floods kill more people per year in the USA than any other natural disaster.

A

True

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4
Q

What is flood risk?

A

The product of the probability of flood occurrence and the consequences of flooding.

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5
Q

Hazard →
Vulnerability →
Risk →

A
  • probability of flood
  • consequences of flood
  • hazard × vulnerability
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6
Q

What are the two types of flood data series used in statistical analysis?

A

Peaks over threshold (POT) and annual maximum series (AMS)

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7
Q

Statistical approach →
Simulation approach →

A
  • Flood frequency curve
  • Rainfall-runoff models
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8
Q

Evaluating economic risk involves linking stage–discharge curves to ________ functions.

A

Damage

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9
Q

Risk Types
Health risk →
Social risk →
Environmental risk →

A
  • Disease, injury
  • Stress, community impacts
  • Contamination, biodiversity loss
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10
Q

Types of Floods
Fluvial →
Pluvial →
Coastal →
Flash →
Groundwater →
Dam failure →

A
  • river floods
  • surface runoff due to overwhelmed drainage
  • storm surge, tides
  • sudden intense rainfall
  • rising water table
  • catastrophic infrastructure failure
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11
Q

True/False
Groundwater floods are more likely in areas underlain by impermeable rock.

A

False (they occur in permeable rock areas like chalk)

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12
Q

Name two organisations managing UK flood risk.

A

DEFRA and the Environment Agency

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13
Q

The Flood and Water Management Act aims to manage risk and protect ____.

A

water supplies

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14
Q

Flood Risk Management Cycle
Prevention & Preparation →
Response →
Recovery →

A
  • land use, awareness
  • evacuation, defence
  • reconstruction, analysis
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15
Q

What is Natural Flood Management?

A

Use of natural processes to reduce flood risk (e.g. restoring rivers, soil infiltration, salt marshes)

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16
Q

UK catchment water planning occurs across ___ river basin districts.

17
Q

Integrated Water Management
Water utilities →
Local authorities →
EA →

A
  • regional planning
  • surface water plans
  • catchment planning
18
Q

Why is a systems approach needed for water management?

A

To coordinate planning and reduce unintended impacts across multiple scales

19
Q

True/False
CityWat simulates stormwater and drinking water supply but not river quality.

A

False (it includes river quality)

20
Q

Wet periods →
Dry periods →

A

agricultural pollution
urban wastewater pollution

21
Q

What does WSIMOD help assess in planning scenarios?

A

Flood risk, water quality, groundwater storage, and baseflow