flipped Flashcards
typically no outward symptoms, only can be seen as mild chemical changes in the blood
mild liver disease
jaundice, bruise easily, bleed profusely, distended abdomen, confusion, loss of consciousness
severe liver disease
What impacts the central Nervous System, Skin, GI Tract, Cardiovascular, and endocrine
Liver
maintains the circulating concentration of blood glucose
Liver
oagulation factors, plasma alpha and beta globulins, and “acute phase proteins”
Plasma proteins
Break down of amino acids in the liver produces toxic ammonia and ammonium ions, any ammonia that can’t be detoxified by amidating glutamate to glutamine can be used to synthesize nontoxic urea
Urea cycle
fatty acid oxidases in the peroxisome forms
H202
thru pathway of lipid peroxidation, resulting in advanced lipoxidation end products
ROS damage to cell
Reaction of oxygen with decompartimentalized metal ions
fenton and harber weiss rxns
exercise, fasting, excess of exogenous insulin, isulinoma (xs of endogenous insulin), inhibition of endogenous glucose production
hypoglycemia
Addition of a polar group to make drugs more hydrophilic, mediated by cytochrome P-450
Phase I of drug metabolism
where do the two phase of drug metabolism take place
in the liver
Conjunction mediated by cytoplasmic enzymes
Phase II or drug metabolism
Glycine and Succinly-coA condense to form 5-ALA
Rate limiting step for HEME
Where does the rate limiting step go heme occurs?
mitochondria
