Flight Rules - Schools Test 2 & 3 Flashcards
What is required when a student pilot is permitted to fly solo?
- Permission from instructor
- Valid medical
- Met english standard proficiency
What is the maximum number of hours you can fly solo between checks?
3 Hours
What are the minimum set of documents you must carry on a flight?
- Medical / License
- ASIC
- Aeroplane Flight Manual (AFM)
- Minimum equipment list (MEL)
- Operating instructions of any computerised navigation systems
- Maintenance release (MR) except if it is not required when DAY VFR is within 1000 fr (except due to stress of weather of when taking and landing)
What is the minimum height you can fly over a city, town or populous area?
1000 ft AGL
except due to stress of weather
or
taking off and landing
What is the minimum height you may alter heading after take off?
500 ft AGL
(Unless needed to avoid terrain) and then only in the direction of the circuit
Following take off from a runway for which the circuit is left handed, when can you turn right?
If you have climbed to a height that is clear of the circuit area of traffic, which is normally 3NM
and above circuit overfly height, usually 1200’- 2000’ AGL
When can you may only make a right hand turn after take-off?
If required at the airport (published in ERSA = En Route Supplement Australia)
OR
If you are above 500ft AGL
OR
If you have climbed to a height that is clear of the circuit area of traffic, which is normally 3NM and above circuit overfly height, usually 1200’ to 2000’ AGL.
ORIf required by ATC
When two aircraft are converging headings at the same level, which one gives way?
The aircraft that has the other on its right shall give way
https://youtu.be/OjvOc6u6ZN4?si=SdJtuRmKu0VVJKih
https://www.casa.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-07/avsafety-rules-of-the-air-overtaking-right-of-way-and-avoiding-collisions-card.pdf
When two aircraft are approaching head on or approximately so, and there is danger of collision, which one gives way?
Each aircraft shall alter heading to the right.
https://youtu.be/OjvOc6u6ZN4?si=SdJtuRmKu0VVJKih
https://www.casa.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-07/avsafety-rules-of-the-air-overtaking-right-of-way-and-avoiding-collisions-card.pdf
If one aircraft is on final and another ready for take off, which aircraft gives way?
The aircraft approaching to land has right of way.
https://youtu.be/OjvOc6u6ZN4?si=SdJtuRmKu0VVJKih
https://www.casa.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-07/avsafety-rules-of-the-air-overtaking-right-of-way-and-avoiding-collisions-card.pdf
When on short final, you notice that an aircraft that has landed ahead of you has stopped on the runway. What do you do?
You should overshoot (go around) and rejoin the circuit for another approach.
An aircraft is preceding you to land on the same runway. What do you do?
You must not continue your approach to land beyond the threshold until the preceding aircraft has vacated the runway.
What are threats?
Anything that has the potential to have a negative effect on flight safety.
External or internal.
What causes undesired aircraft states?
Threats and/or errors
What are the indicators of carburettor ice?
Rough running
Unexplained drop in RPM
Drop in the manifold pressure
What happens when you apply the carburettor heat in icing conditions?
initially see a further drop in RPM due to less dense air, but then a rise (as ice is ingested by the engine).
Should the Carburettor Heat be on or off when turning to final? Why?
Off
To allow for full power in the event of a go-around
What should blood alcohol readings be for a flight?
less than 0.02
and
No alcohol to be consumed in the 8 hours preceding the flight
What are the 3 movements of a plane?
Roll (Longitudinal)
Yaw (vertical)
Pitch (Lateral)
What is the ratio for load factor?
The ratio of lift to weight
(Explanation:
Load factor (n) = Lift (L) / Weight (W)
Level flight: n = 1
When turning, the plane needs more list to counteract the increased forces from the turn. a 60 degree turn may result in n = 2.
Eg: If an aircraft weights 10,000 kgs and generates 20,0000 kgs in a turn, then n=2. The load factor is 2, meaning the aircraft experiences forces twice its weight.)
An aircraft always stalls at a _________, but the _______ does vary.
An aircraft always stalls at a fixed angle of attack, but the airspeed does vary.
What happens to the aircraft when flaps are lowered during a descent?
Increases lift
increases drag
increases glide angle
What are the first indications of an incipient stall?
Decreasing air speed
decreased control effectiveness
high vertical altitude
stall warning horn
How can stall speed be lowered?
Lowering flaps
(Explanation:
Stall speed is the minimum speed before wings lose sufficient lift to support aircraft. Lowering stall speed means the aircraft can fly at lower airspeed before the wing loses list and enter stall)
What factors increase stall speed?
Increase weight
increase in load factor
What do pilots use to correct a wing drop stall?
Rudders
(Explanation: If you use the Aileron, the AOA will increase on the affected wing, aggravating the stall)
What does the right rudder cause the aircraft to do?
Yaw right
roll right
pitch down
What does the white arc on the airspeed indicator represent??
Top end: The maximum flap extension
Lower end: the minimum flight speed or stall speed (with flap lowered)
What plane do we fly in class?
PA-28-161
How is 2:10pm on the 23rd March expressed on 8- and 6- figures?
03231410
231410
How is UTC calculated?
-10 hours
-11 Hours during daylight savings. (Oct to April)
Example:
- 7pm between April to October
7 pm = 19:00
19:00 - 10 = 09:00
-7pm between October to April
7 pm = 19:00
19:00 - 11 = 08:00
What does “maintain crosswind” mean?
Continue crosswind and do not turn onto downwind
What do you do in the event of radio failure in a controlled space?
- Squawk 7600
- Watch tower for light signals
- Transmit intentions
- Make normal position reports, prefixing calls with ‘transmitting blind’
- landing lights on
- anti collisions light on
What do you do in the event of radio failure in uncontrolled space?
- squawk 7600
- Transmit intentions
- Make normal position reports, prefixing calls with ‘transmitting blind’
- landing lights on
- anti collisions light on
What is the minimum distance you need to leave when encountering jet blast?
minimum 70m if the jet aircraft is already taxiing
minimum 200m if the jet aircraft is stationary and has just begun to move
What do you do if you are unsure of the surface winds when approaching airport to land?
- Fly 500 ft above the circuit altitude (1500-2000 ft AGL depending on the traffic mix of airport).
- Check wind
- descend to the circuit on the dead side.
What are the reasons of a missed approach?
too high
too low
too fast
too slow
not aligned to centreline
if another aircraft is on the runway
if you don’t have clearance
What does the trim do? How do you apply it?
Trim control helps eliminate pressure on the controls
To apply:
- Attitude then trim
What do you get by setting QNH on altimeter?
The height of the aircraft at above mean sea level (AMSL)
What is 1013 hPa tell you?
The pressure height
https://youtu.be/9VEVUVS7fbg?si=0dnsTfdNPmDPWxkv
Further explanation:
My plane altimeter is 1010 QNH or 29.83 in.Hg. Lets say the altimeter showed me 2000ft. Both the plane and airport are at this altitude. Mean sea level is at 1010 Hpa.
The distance to the average pressure height (at 1013 hPA) is 2090 ft.
What are the VMC conditions for flights below 10,000 ft?
VMC = Visual Meteorological Conditions
- 5000m visibility
- 1500m horizontal separation from cloud
- 1000ft vertical separation above or below cloud
But in Class G airspace, if at or below 3000’ AMSL / 1000’ AGL the requirement is:
- 5000m visibility
- cloud separation is clear of and in sight of ground/water
- must also carry & use radio
What changes or does not change when gliding at a constant airspeed in a tailwind (compared to a headwind)?
Increase glide range
no change in rate of descent
If the aerodrOme is certified, what must you carry?
radio at CTAFs
In a risk of a collision, what must you do with the radio?
Give a radio call
What is the correct arrival report, after returning to a CTAF airport from the training area?
GLB TFC CWY JOINING CROSSWIND RUNWAY 26, GLB
Said:
Goulburn Traffic, LNJ joining crosswind Runway 26, Goulburn”
What does the squelch do?
Reduce background noise
What happens if the static vent is blocked?
- VSI will read zero
- altimeter will read constant
- ASI will over read on descent or under read on climb
ASI = airspeed indicator
VSI = vertical speed indicator
Static hole is at the back in PA-28-161
What happens if pitot tube is blocked?
ASI reads zero
What is the correct radio call in the event of an engine failure?
Mayday call
What do you do in the event of an engine failure after take off?
- lower nose
- achieve best glide speed
- Select field depending on height and obstacles, but always within 30 degree either side of your heading
- Do not turn back
- Use flaps appropriately
- if time allows: mixture to cut-off, fuel off
What does this mean?
Horizontal white dumbell
It is a ground signal
Displayed adjacent to wind direction indicator
Means use hard surfaces runways, taxiways and aprons only.
What does this mean?
White cross
It is a ground signal
Displayed beside windsock means the aerodroMe is completely unservicable
or in an area, means that the area is unfit for aircraft to use
What does this mean?
White double cross
Placed adjacent to wind direction indicator
gliding operations are in progress
Who is a runway delineated?
White gable markers
When do you need a doctors certificate?
when sickness has prevented you from flying for more than 90 days
What does a steady green light at ATC mean?
In-flight: Clear to land
On ground: Clear to takeoff
What does a steady red light at ATC mean?
In-flight: give way, continue circling
On ground. Stop
What does a green flashing light at ATC mean?
In-flight: Return for landing
On ground: Clear to Taxi
What does a red flashing light at ATC mean?
in-flight: aerodrome unsafe, don’t land
on ground: Taxi clear of landing area
What does a white flashing light at ATC mean?
In-flight: No significance
On ground: Return to starting point on Airfield
