Flight Rules and Regulations Flashcards
How many FIRs are present over the UK?
2
Scottish and London
What is FL 245?
This is the upper vertical limit of low level.
It is the lower limit of upper air space.
What is the flight level range of upper information regions?
FL 245 - FL 660
What is the height range of the FIR?
Surface to FL 245
At what level does the UIR begin?
FL 245 and above
What is the FIR?
Flight Information Region
Surface to FL 245
What is the UIR?
Upper Information Region
FL 245 - FL 660
What is the key feature of Class A airspace?
Always controlled.
What is the key feature of Class G airspace?
It is uncontrolled.
What is Controlled Airspace?
Controlled airspace is airspace of defined dimensions, where an ATC service is provided according to the airspace classification, A C D and E are controlled.
What is a Control Zone?
Aerodrome Control Zones afford protection to aircraft within the immediate vicinity of aerodromes.
What is the importance of Fl 195?
FL 195 is the lower ceiling for controlled, Class C airspace.
What is a CTA?
Control Area
Control Areas are situated above the Aerodrome Traffic Zone (ATZ) and afford protection over a larger area to a specified upper limit.
Where does Class C airspace begin?
Fl 195
At what FL does the Upper Information Region begin?
Fl 245
What is an ATZ?
Air Traffic Zone
What FL does Class C begin?
FL 195
What is a TMA?
Terminal Manoeuvring Area or Terminal Control Area
(Shared Airspace, eg London)
What is AAL?
Above Aerodrome Level
QFE
What are the dimensions of a MATZ?
ATZ is 2/2.5nm radius, Surface - 2000ft
MATZ is 5nm radius, Surface - 3000ft
Including the Stub:
Stubs are 5nm long and 4nm wide, 1000-3000ft.
These dimensions are based on AAL.
If an airfield name is underlined on a chart what does this indicate?
The underlined airfield is the controlling authority
What are HIRTA?
High Intensity Radio Transmission Area
What are AIAA?
Areas of Intense Aerial Activity.
What are AARA?
Air-Air Refuelling Areas
What are Temporary Reserved Areas?
TRAs are under the authority of a different aviation authority for a temporary period.
Do gliders have priority over airships for right of way?
Yes, airships give way to gliders.
What direction should collision avoidance be taken?
To the right, 90°
If you are being overtaken in the air what should you do?
Nothing, you have right of way. Maintain course.
What is VMC?
Visual Meteorological Conditions
VMC means weather permitting flight IAW the VFR
What are the VMC Minima for FL 100 or above, in controlled airspace?
FL 100 or above:
Distance from cloud: 1500m horizontal, 1000ft vertically
Flight visibility: 8km
What are the VMC Minima below FL 100, in controlled airspace?
VMC below FL 100:
Dsitance from cloud: 1500m horizontally, 1000 ft vertically
Flight visibility: 8km at more than 250 kt, 5 km at 250 kt or less.
What are the VMC minima below 3000 ft AMSL, in controlled airspace?
Helicopters may fly clear of cloud, in sight of the surface and with a flight visibility of 1500m
When outside Controlled Airspace (CAS), the VMC are the same except when…
At or below 3000 ft AMSL:
Over 140 kts - Flight Visibility 5km
At 140 kts or less - Clear or cloud with the surface in sight, flight visibility at least 1500m.
What are the Pilot’s responsibilities when on a SVFR flight?
- Complying with ATC instructions
- Remain clear of cloud, insight of the surface in visibility of no less than 1500m
- Remain at or below 140 kts
- Avoid ATZs
What is SVFR?
Special VFR allows an inexperienced Pilot, who cannot comply with IFR to fly when VFR flight is not permitted.
They must remain below 140 kts, remain clear of cloud in sight of the surface in vis no less than 1500 m.
What must a Pilot do when flying IFR inside CAS?
Possess an Instrument Rating
Have Navkit onboard
Submit a flight plan
Obtain ATC clearance
Follow ATC instructions
When flying IFR outside CAS and above the transition level, what should the Pilot do?
Set 1013.25 hPa and apply the semi-circular rule.
Except when…
Completing high speed manouevres.
Flying in conformity with instructions from ATC, Ship
What is the semi-circular rule?
Above 3000’ / FL 30
Easterly headings 001-179° fly at Odd Flight Levels, ie FL70
Westerly headings 180-359° fly at Even Flight Levels, ie FL80
- In each segment*
- Up to FL 290, intervals are 2000 ft*
- Above FL 290, intervals are 4000 ft*
What is the ‘right of way rule’?
‘To avoid a fright turn right’.
What is the apron?
Apron/Ramp
The ICAO term for a designated area where the aircraft are parked for loading and unloading, refuelling and servicing.
What are holding points?
Holding Points
Positions on taxiways that define the limit of an aircraft’s taxi clearance.
What is an aircraft stand?
Aircraft Stand
Usually a numbered parking position for aircraft on the apron, ramp or dispersal.
What colour are markings on a paved runway?
White
What runway markings indicate a precision approach runway?
White edge markings.
What is the purpose of a displaced threshold on a runway?.
There may be obstacles on the glide path
What is the purpose of a runway stopway?
A stopway is a safety measure. It is an area beyond the runway which can be used for deceleration in the event of a rejected takeoff.
What colour are taxiway markings?
Yellow
What is RTHP?
Runway Taxi-Holding Postion Marking
RTHPs are established on each taxiway leading to a runway in order to protect aircraft on take-off and landing by ensuring that other taxiing aircraft and vehicles are held well clear of the runway.
There are two types, A and B.
What is the pattern for Taxiway edge markings?
Taxiway Edge Markings are used beyond the taxiway edge and are paved but not normally available for use by aircraft.
What types of Mandatory Runway Signs are there?
Runway Holding Position Signs
No Entry Signs
Intermediate Taxi-Holding Postion Signs
What types of Runway Information Signs are there?
Location Signs
Direction and Desination Signs
What are the colours of Ident Beacons in the UK?
Red for Military
Green for Civil
What is Supplementary Approach Lighting?
Supplementary Approach Lighting consists of white centreline barettes and two rows of red side barrettes which provide the pilot with enhanced visual cues over the last 300m of the approach.
What is a PAPI?
Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI)
PAPIs provide a visual aid for slope guidance, they comprise:
Visual aid for slope guidance.
Red and white light signals.
Four lights on the left of the runway.