Flight Planning

Question 1

What is the definition of height?

Answer 1

Height = the vertical distance upwards to a fixed point from a given level or specific datum.

Question 2

What is the definition of mean sea level?

Answer 2

MSL = an average level for the surface of one or more of the Earth’s oceans from which heights such as elevations may be measured.

Question 3

What is the definition of altitude?

Answer 3

Altitude- the vertical distance upwards to a fixed point or object, measured from MSL.

Question 4

What is the defintion of elevation?

Answer 4

Elevation- the vertical distance upwards to a fixed point or level on the surface of the earth, measured from MSL.

Question 5

What is QFE?

Answer 5

QFE is the corrected barometric pressure for a specific datum.

(Field elevation).

Question 6

What unit is pressure measured in?

Answer 6

hPa

hectorPascals

Question 7

What is the rough field elevation of Cranwell?

Answer 7

220 ft

Question 8

What are the disadvantages of using QFE?

Answer 8

Does not provide terrain awareness.

May introduce confusion when adjacent traffic patterns are integrated.

Question 9

What is the definition of QNH?

Answer 9

QNH - Aerodrome QNH is the observed pressure of the airfield elevation, corrected for temperature and reduced to MSL.

Question 10

When is it suitable to use QNH?

Answer 10

QNH is used for…

Flights in the vicinity of most civil aerodromes, including approach and landing.

For calculating transition level in the vicinity of the airfield.

For calculating minimum safe flight levels.

Question 11

What is Force QNH?

Answer 11

Force QNH is usedd during exercise, it is the lowest forecast QNH in the exercise area for a defined time period.

Question 12

What are LO-HI-LO and HI-LO-HI

Answer 12

Long Range Pressure Changes issues.

If you take of in the LOW pressire to a HIGH pressure, your altimeter will read LOW.

Question 13

What is RPS?

Answer 13

Regional Pressure Setting

The lowest forecast QNH within a designated Altimeter Setting Region (ASR) and is used as a pressure datum for Air Systems flying at or below the Transition Altitude.

It is issued hourly and as a forecast, it is not accurate.

Question 14

What are ASRs?

Answer 14

Altimeter Setting Regions

ie Barnsley RPS

Question 15

What is SPS?

Answer 15

Standard Pressure Setting (SPS)

Assumes a mean sea level of 1013.25 hPa (29.92 inches mercury).

Utilised above the Transition Level.

Question 16

When is the SPS used?

Answer 16

For all flying above the TA and when flying above 3000ft AMSL in the UK outside controlled airspace except when:

Completing manoeuvres requiring rapid changes of altitude or heading.

Flying in conformity when instructions fiven by ATC, HM Ships or an ASACS radar unit.

Question 17

What are semi-circulars?

Answer 17

Tracks 001 - 179 are Easterlies and Odds, ie FL 30, FL 50 etc.

Tracks 180 - 359 are Westerlies and Evans, ie FL 40, FL 60 etc.

Question 18

What is the typical height of the transition altitude in the UK?

Answer 18

3000ft

Question 19

What is the thickness of the transition layer?

Answer 19

Variable, but never less than 1000 ft.

Question 20

What is the transition altitude?

Answer 20

The altitude at which the transition layer begins.

Question 21

What is the equation for Transition Level?

Answer 21

Transition Level = Transition Altitude + Transition Layer

Question 22

What is the Safety Altitude?

Answer 22

An SA provides aircrew with a safe altitude to fly at or above when visual separation from the ground is not possible.

Question 23

What are the 4 reasons when you can descend below the SA?

Answer 23

If the Pilot…

Is in visual contact with the surface.

Can let down by means of an approved radio or radar terminal approach procedure provided by aircraft ATC.

Is using a servicable terrain-following radar equipment.

Is compelled to do so in an emergency.

Question 24

Who is responsible for the dictating the waypoint distances for Safety Altitude calculations?

Answer 24

The Aviation Duty Holder (ADH).

Question 25

What factors are required to calculate SALT?

Answer 25

Determine the elevation AMSL of the highest ground or obstacle over which there is any possibility of the aircraft passing. Add an increment of 1000 ft. Round up to the nearest hundred feet. For flight over mountainous terrain (over 3000 ft AMSL) the increment should be increased to 2000 ft.

Question 26

What is the definition of **mountainous terrain**?

Answer 26

Ground level of over 3000 ft AMSL.

Question 27

What are the order of the Transition area components?

Answer 27

Transition Altitude (Lowest) Transition Layer Transition Level Flight Level (Highest)

Question 28

What is the **Transition Level**?

Answer 28

The lowest flight level available for use above the Transition Altitude.

Question 29

What is **MSFL**?

Answer 29

**Minimum Safe Flight Level**

Question 30

What adjustments must be made to aerodrome and obstacle elevation figures when being used in performance calculations?

Answer 30

These figures must be converted to pressure altitude when the sea level pressure differs from 1013.25 hPa.

Question 31

What is the formula for **Pressure Altitude**?

Answer 31

Pressure Altitude (**PA**) = **Airfield Elevation** + (***30 \* p***) where **p** = 1013 - Aerodrome QNH

Question 32

How is pressure converted to feet?

Answer 32

Multiply by 30. ie 2 hPa = 60 ft

Question 33

What is **Density Altitude**?

Answer 33

Density Altitude is Pressure Altitude adjusted to take into account deviation of airfield termperature ISA standards.

Question 34

What are the effects of reducing air density on aircraft performance?

Answer 34

Decreased air density/higher density altitude affects... a change to the lift generated by the wing. efficiency of a propeller or rotor. power output of the engine.

Question 35

What is the formula for calculating DA?

Answer 35

DA = PA + 120t *where t is the difference between local air temperature at pressure altitude and the standard temperature for the same pressure altitude. If the air temperature is higher than standard, then (120t) is added to pressure altitude, if it is lower, subtracted.*

Question 36

At what FL does C Class airspace begin?

Answer 36

FL 195

Question 37

What is a **TRA**?

Answer 37

Temporarily Reserved Area

Question 38

What is **RNAV**?

Answer 38

Area Navigation A method of navigation which permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path.

Question 39

What is CALF?

Answer 39

Calf Amendment Low Flying

Question 40

What is CHAD?

Answer 40

Chart Amendment Document

Question 41

What would you consult when you're conducting maintenance away from base?

Answer 41

ALFSS - Aircrew Landaway Flight Servicing Schedule. Aircrew Manual and FRCs FRCs ANA - Advance Notification of Amendment AL - Amendment Leaflet

Question 42

Where do you get aircraft best operating advice from? Where would you look for drills when conducting a Forced Landing in a Prefect? What does ANA stand for? What is an AL

Question 43

What is an aircraft's **basic CoG position**?

Answer 43

The position of the CG of an aircraft at its basic weight, empty aircraft, with unretrievable fuel, oil and equipment.

Question 44

What is the **CoG Datum Point**?

Answer 44

A specific point on an aircraft, or in space close to it, from which all measurements for weight and balance purposes are taken, either directly or indirectly.

Question 45

When would an aircraft's **All Up Weight (AUW)** be measured?

Answer 45

Aircraft construction Modifications to the aircraft Periodically to establish aircraft weight.

Question 46

What are the weather limits for operating in the UKLFS for Fixed Wing aircraft above 140ky?

Answer 46

Flight Visibility of 5km 1500m horizontal 500 ft vertical separation from cloud

Question 47

How regular are the update cycles for charts?

Answer 47

28 days