Flight Procedures

Question 1

Visual Meteo Conditions (VMC) are:

Answer 1

Minimum requirements referring to weather for allowing Visual Flight Rules (VFR) operation.

Question 2

A flight shall be considered in VMC only if at least the following flight conditions prevail:

Answer 2

At or above 10,000ft(3050m)

• Flight Visibility: 8km(5NM)
• Distance from clouds: 300 m (1000
  ft) vertically / 1,5 Km (1 NM) horizontally

Below 10,000ft and above 3,000ft or 1,000ft above terrain

• Flight Visibility: 5km (3NM)
• Distance from clouds: 300 m (1000
  ft) vertically / 1,5 Km (1 NM) horizontally

Question 3

RVSM (Reduced Vertical Separation Minima)

Answer 3

An airspace or route where aircraft are vertically separated by 1000 feet, rather than 2000 feet, between FL 290 and FL 410 inclusive.

Question 4

Up to FL 250 avoid thunderstorm clouds by…

Answer 4

10 NM

Question 5

Maximum take-off weight (Kg):

• Super-heavy
• Heavy (H)
• Medium (M)
• Light (L)

Answer 5

• MTOW aprox. 560000 Kg
• MTOW over 136000 Kg
• 7000 Kg over MTOW under 136000 Kg
• MTOW under 7000 Kg

Question 6

On take-off and approach the maximum bank angle is:

Answer 6

30 deg

Question 7

Circling

Answer 7

Circling is the term used to describe the visual phase of an instrument approach to bring an aeroplane into position for landing on a runway which is not suitably located for straight-in-approach.

Question 8

Clearance limit

Answer 8

The point to which an aeroplane has received an ATC clearance.

Question 9

Decision height/altitude (DH/DA)

Answer 9

A specific height or altitude in the precision approach at which a missed approach must be initiated if the required visual reference to continue the approach has not been established.

Question 10

Final approach

Answer 10

The segment in an approach procedure in which an aeroplane is aligned with the final approach track and descents for landing, i.e.:
- For precision approach when leaving the final approach point (FAP);
- For non-precision approach when leaving the final approach fix (FAF).
Where no specific FAF is stipulated, descent to MDA may be made once established inbound on the final approach track.

Question 11

Holding procedure

Answer 11

A predetermined maneuver, which keeps an aeroplane within a specified airspace, e.g. while awaiting further clearance.

Question 12

Instrument approach

Answer 12

A flight path by reference to flight instruments from the initial approach fix or, where applicable, from the beginning of a defined arrival route (e.g. turning base leg when being radar-vectored) to a point from which a landing can be made.

Question 13

Low visibility procedures

Answer 13

Procedures applied at an aerodrome for the purpose of ensuring safe operations during Cat II and Cat III approaches and low visibility take-offs.

Question 14

Minimum descent altitude (MDA)

Answer 14

A specified altitude in a non-precision approach or circling approach below which descent may not be made without visual reference.

Question 15

Missed approach procedure

Answer 15

The procedure to be followed if the approach cannot be continued or for any reason a landing is not possible after being aligned on the final approach track.

Question 16

Precision approach

Answer 16

An instrument approach procedure utilizing precision azimuth and glidepath guidance.

Question 17

Visual descent point

Answer 17

A defined point on the final approach course of a non-precision straight-in approach procedure from which normal descent from the MDA to the runway touchdown zone may be commenced, provided the approach threshold of that runway, or approach lights, or other markings identifiable with the approach end of that runway are clearly visible to the pilot.

Question 18

As a precautionary measure for decreasing CFIT risk, during descent below 4000ft to minimum sector altitude, the rate of descent should be restricted at

Answer 18

1500ft/min

Question 19

No turn shall be initiated below:

Answer 19

400 ft above aerodrome elevation. Up to this height, bank should be limited to 15 deg. At aerodromes where standard instrument departures, obstacles or noise abatement procedures necessitate a turn at lower altitude, such a turn may be smoothly started upon passing an altitude of 200 ft. by radio altimeter.

Question 20

Approach path deviations on instrument final approach - Precision approach

Answer 20

• Localizer
  After being established, descent must not be continued if localizer deflection is more than one dot.
• Glidepath
  After intercept, the glidepath deviation may not exceed one dot.

Question 21

Approach path deviations on instrument final approach - Non-precision approach

Answer 21

Descent to the next lower altitudes respectively MDA shall only be started if the magnetic bearing to facility (QDM) or magnetic bearing from facility (QDR) is within +/- 5 deg of the published final approach track or within one dot deflection for ILS localizer/ILS back-beam approach and after having passed the respective fix of the procedure.
For non-precision approach it is strongly recommended to use a constant descent profile. Vertical speed should be planned to achieve a constant angle descent to MDA(H) at or near the Visual Descent.
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