Flight Planning, Landing & Take Off Performance

Question 1

What are the EDTO Alternate Planning Minima for an Airfield with Two or More Separate Precision Approach Runways?

Answer 1

Cloud Base: 400’ or 200’ above lowest authorised landing minima whichever is higher.

Visibility: 1500m or 800m above lowest authorised landing minima whichever is higher.

Question 2

What are the EDTO Alternate Planning Minima for an Airfield with One Precision Approach Runway?

Answer 2

Cloud Base: 600’ or 400’ above lowest authorised landing minima whichever is higher.

Visibility: 3000m or 1500m above lowest authorised landing minima whichever is higher.

Question 3

What are the EDTO Alternate Planning Minima for an Airfield with only a Non-Precision Approach?

Answer 3

Cloud Base: 800’ or 400’ above lowest authorised landing minima whichever is higher.

Visibility: 4000m or 1500m above lowest authorised landing minima whichever is higher.

Question 4

What are the Available EDTO Speed Schedules?

Answer 4

1. M.80/310KIAS,
2. M.80/330KIAS,
3. M.80/340KIAS.

Question 5

What is the EDTO Divert Profile?

Answer 5

1. Drift down at pre-determined speed to the required flight level.
2. Diversion cruise at pre-determined speed.
3. Normal descent down to 1500’ above the divert aerodrome (310/250).
4. 15 mins holding at this altitude at clean manoeuvre.
5. Instrument approach and go-around.
6. VFR circuit to land.

Base on aircraft reference weight, still wind, ISA, single engine cruise schedule.

Question 6

What are the EDTO 60/120/180 Still Wind Planning Distances for M.80/310KIAS?

Answer 6

1. 60: 422nm
2. 120: 835nm
3. 180: 1251nm

Question 7

Define Extended Time Divert Operations

Answer 7

Extended diversion time operation means a flight by a multi−engine turbine powered aeroplane where the flight time(calculated at a one engine inoperative cruise speed in still air and ISA conditions) from a point on the route to an adequate aerodrome is greater than the threshold time for that aeroplane.

Question 8

Define Threshold Time

Answer 8

The threshold time is defined as 60 minutes for an aeroplane with 2 turbine powered engines.

Question 9

What is an Adequate Aerodrome?

Answer 9

An aerodrome is considered adequate when it satisfies the aircraft performance requirements applicable at the expected landing weight and has appropriate facilities for the aircraft type including:

a. Adequate length, width and strength;
b. At least one suitable published instrument approach procedure available;
c. Approach and runway lighting, including a visual approach slope indicator system;
d. Adequate Rescue Fire Service (RFS). A minimum of RFS CAT 4 is required if the aerodrome is being designated as an en route alternate;
e. An aerodrome control service (ATC) or aerodrome flight information service.

Question 10

List Five Considerations Over the Regulatory Requirements for an Adequate Aerodrome?

Answer 10

a. Availability of the aerodrome for the time of day intended;
b. Over flight and landing authorisations;
c. Capability of technical assistance;
d. Capability of handling and catering (fuel, food, etc); and,
e. The ability to receive and accommodate passengers.

Question 11

What are the Requirements for an EDTO Alternate Airfield?

Answer 11

a. An adequate aerodrome;
b. The latest meteorological forecast for the aerodrome indicates that, during the period from the earliest possible time of landing to the latest possible time of landing, the conditions are to be at or above the en route EDTO alternate aerodrome planning minima and the crosswind component, including gusts, for the landing runway expected is not to exceed the maximum permitted crosswind for the aircraft;
c. ATC or aerodrome flight information service is to be available 30 minutes before the estimated arrival time; and,
d. A minimum of RFS CAT 4 can be provided with at least 30 minutes prior notice at the estimated time of arrival.

Question 12

What are the Seven Types of Fuel Carried to Make Up the Minimum Fuel for any Flight?

Answer 12

1. Pre-takeoff fuel;
2. Enroute fuel;
3. Contingency fuel;
4. Approach fuel;
5. Diversion/Holding fuel;
6. Minimum landing fuel;
7. Identified extra fuel

Question 13

What is Pre-Takeoff Fuel Comprised of, and What Rules of Thumb are Used for Extra?

Answer 13

1. APU burn, engine start, taxi.
2. APU extra burn at 105kg’s per hour.
3. Extra taxi at 90kg’s per 5 mins.

Question 14

What are the Additional Fuel Burn Rates for Icing Systems and Weather Deviations?

Answer 14

1. Engine A/I: 90kg per hour;
2. Engine and Wing A/I: 140kg per hour;
3. 25nm deviation: 1.5 mins, 90kg per hour.

Question 15

What is the Approach Type, Approach Fuel is designed to provide for?

Answer 15

500kg’s for an overhead approach, 10nm inbound with gear down, flap 30 at the outer marker.

Question 16

What is the Minimum Fuel Overhead for Domestic no Divert Operations?

Answer 16

4000kg comprising:

1. 2000kg min,
2. 1000kg approach and manoeuvre,
3. 1000kg for 15 mins holding 1500’ above aerodrome.

Question 17

What is the definition of a contaminated runway?

Answer 17

If 25% or more of the runway is covered in slush, snow or standing water, or if ice is present anywhere on the runway.

Question 18

What is the maximum amount of thrust that can be reduced using assumed temperature?

Answer 18

25%

Question 19

What is the maximum depth of contaminants the OPT will allow for take off?

Answer 19

13mm. Any greater will cause damage to the airframe or engines.

Question 20

What impact will different flap settings have on the take off?

Answer 20

Higher flap setting = shorter roll but lower climb gradient and vice versa.

Question 21

For maximum performance in the take off, should the CoG be further forward or aft?

Answer 21

A forward CoG is best IOT increase the moment arm to the rudder which will improve directional control in an engine out situation.

Question 22

What CoG is best for cruise?

Answer 22

An aft CoG to reduce trim drag.

Question 23

What components make up EDTO divert fuel?

Answer 23

1. Enroute burn at divert speed schedule, using most limiting divert profile;
2. 5% contingency for wind planning discrepancies;
3. 5% contingency for cruise fuel burn degradation;
4. Icing factors as required;
5. APU burn as required.