Flight Planning Flashcards
What are aircraft performance tables often based on
Pressure altitude
Take off distance available is the take off run Available +
Clearway
VAT the target threshold speed, will provide a margin above the stalking speed in the landing configuration of
30%
Take off without flap will give
A longer ground run but a steeper climb
A light aircraft in the normal category is permitted to undertake
Normal flying, no spinning or aerobatics and bank angles of up to 60%
Rate of climb is defined as
The amount of height gained per unit of time
Increasing the all up weight will have what effect on climb performance
Climb performance will be degraded
Aerodrome Elevation is 990ft qfe is 992 the pressure altitude is
630ft
1013 - 992 =21
21 x 30 =630
Aerodrome Elevation is 600ft qfe is 998 pressure altitude is…
450ft
1013 - 998 =15
15 x 30 = 450
In a piston engine to fly for maximum range a pilot should select
A speed just above the minimum drag speef
In a piston engine to fly for maximum endurance a pilot should select
A lower airspeed than for maximum range and the lowest safe altitude
An overweight aircraft will
handle and perform poorly and may suffer structural damage
In the UK published take off performance is based ona
Level and dry hard surface
A 2% down hill slope will increase the landing distance by…
10%
What gradient of a 2000ft runway which has threshold Elevations of 415ft and 315ft
2.9%
415 - 357 = 58
58 / 2000
0.0029 x 100 = 2.9%
Guidelines published in an AIC recommend that when calculating take off distance, the public transport take off factor should be applied to all flights. The factor is
1.33
The airspeed to achieve maximum range is
the speed where the power:airspeed ratio is the least
In Comparison to a flapless takeoff, using a small flap setting will:
Reduce the stalling, liftoff and take off safety speeds
An increase in aircraft weight of 10% will
increase the landing distance by 1.1 or 10%
Using a runway with a down slope will require
a longer landing distance but shorter take off distance
Compared to an aerodrome at sea level, when operating from an aerodrome having a high pressure altitude will lead to:
a longer landing distance and longer take off distance
Assuming that fuel consumption is directly related to the power delivered by the engine, which point represents the airspeed at which to fly for maximum endurance:
The earliest point of the power airspeed curve
If the stalling speed of a particular aircraft in the landing configuration (Vso) is 50kts, therefore the minimum approach speed is approximately:
65kts
this is 30% above 50kts
When landing with a tailwind, the ground speed will be
Greater than TAS
Assuming that fuel consumption is directly related to the power generated by the engine, what point represents the best speed to fly for maximum range
The middle of the graph
An aircraft having a lift drag ratio of 6:1 will have a maximum gliding range from 5000ft of
5nm
6*5000 = 30000
30000 / 6000 = 5nm
When compared to a lightly loaded aircraft, to achieve the maximum glide range in a heavy aircraft.
a faster speed must be used
What is zero fuel mass
All passenger and cargo but no fuel
Using a high airspeed than that recommended in the flight manual during an approach to landing will have what effect
it will increase the landing distance
ice on an aircrafts wings will
increase weight and drag and seriously reduce the lift generated
With all tanks full an aircraft holds 230 litres of fuel. If the Specific Gravity of the fuel is 0.72 what is the approximate weight of the fuel in lbs?
364lbs
Use CRP1 or
230 x 0.72 = 165.6kg
165.6 x 2.2 = 364.3lbs
How will and uphill slope effect take off and landing
Decrease landing distance
Increase take off distance
Calculate the max fuel that can be loaded and what is the centre of gravity
Max take off mass 2400lbs
Work how much fuel can be loaded
2400 - all other weight = 300lbs
Convert lbs to kg 300 / 2.2 = 136.4 kg
Divide by the specific gravity (0.72) to get litres
136 / 0.72 = 189.3 litres
Calculate center of gravity postion
Total mass = 2400lbs
Moment = 49550 Lb ln
Moment / mass =cg
49550 / 2400 = 21.08
On landing what is the cg position
Departure weight = 2300
Cg on departure = 85.75
Fuel burn = 300lbs (82 inches aft)
Moment on departure =weight x moment
2300x85.75 = 197225
Moment arm of fuel used = fuel burn x moment
300x82 = 24600
Landing moment = departure moment - fuel used moment
197225 - 24600 =172625
Landing weight 2300 - 300 = 2000
Cg position = landing moment / landing weight
173625 / 2000 =86.31
Before refueling your aircraft weighs 1800lbs
Total moment was 151200
310lbs of fuel was loaded with an arm of 90 inches
Total moment is?
Cg is?
310 * 90 = 27900
151200 + 27900 = 179100
Total weight = 1800 +310
179100 / 2110 = 84.88 inches
How does use of flap effect the approach
Steeper approach path
Slower approach path
How does. Grass or snow effect ground roll
Brake effectiveness is reduced meaning a longer ground roll
How does a head wind effect take off
Lift off at lower speed
Shorter ground run
Carburettor icing is more likely at
Low power settings
When the butterfly is only partially open
Gliding with a tail wind will
Increase distance covered
Rate of decent will remain the same
When compared to still air conditions with a strong tailwind the best range speed will
Slower
You have planned an early morning departure the aircraft requires a measured takeoff distance to a height of 50 ft of 350m and you calculated that the todr as 512m using a 2% upslope runway a 1900 lbs aircraft and an outside air temperature of + 10 degrees centigrade poor visibility prevents your planned early departure and by the time Departure is possible the outside air temperature is + 20 degrees centigrade and your friend wearing £190 can make the trip what is the new take of distance required
676m
350 x 1.1 (2% upslope) x 1.2 (10% increase in weight) x 1.1 (10 degree temp increase) x 1.33 (saftey factor)
A small flap setting of up to 20 degrees will provide
An increase in lift reducing the take off run
V2 The saftey take off speed is
VS1 x 1.2 and should provide at least 20% margin above the stalling speed
An increase in gross weight will? The speed at which the aircraft rotates and? The take off saftey speed
Increase
Increase
Whilst flying in the vicinity of a broken layer of cumulus cloud you notice ice building up on the wings the most appropriate action to take is to
Descend into warmer air or make a 180 turn
Overloading an aircraft will
Slow acceleration and increase take off run
Advice is contained in a safety sense leaflet regarding the effect of a runway surface on distances required. It states that one landing on dry grass less than 8 inches long will? The landing distance by? Landing on very short wet grass will? The landing by distance of up to?
Increase
20%
Increase
60%
If an aircraft is loaded so that the centre of gravity is at the forward limit the aircraft will
Be very stable in Pitch and require high elevator forces during the flare
If an aircraft is loaded so that the centre of gravity is at the aft limit the aircraft will
Require a reduction in elevator Force required during the flare
With all tanks for an aircraft holds 380 l of fuel if the specific specific gravity of the fuel is 0.72 what is the approximate weight of fuel in pounds
602
380 x 0.72 = 273.6
273.6 x 2.2 = 601.92
What is a gradient of a 2500 foot runway which has a threshold elevation of 355 and 460 ft
4.2 degrees
460 - 355 = 105
105 / 2500 = 0.042
0.042 x 100 = 4.2
The best rate of climb
Gains the greatest height in the shortest time
