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ATPL POF > Flight, Climb, Descending, Turning > Flashcards

Flight, Climb, Descending, Turning Flashcards

1
Q

In level flight what does lift =

A

Weight + tailplane downforce

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2
Q

How do under slung engines affect the downforce required from the tailplane

A

They reduce the force required

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3
Q

What is climb angle related to

A

Air mass

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4
Q

What is flight path related to

A

Ground related

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5
Q

What is the flight path angle

A

Angle between the aircrafts path and local horizon

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6
Q

What are the 2 components of pitch angle

A

AOA

Flight path angle

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7
Q

What is the component of lift that acts downwards in climb

A

Wcosgamma

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8
Q

What is the component of weight along the flight path

A

Wsingamma

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9
Q

What is the equation for excess thrust

A

Singamma = (T-D)/ w

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10
Q

What is the component of weight a acting perpendicular to the flight path

(Also can be lift)

A

L= wcosgamma

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11
Q

Where does Vx occur for a jet aircraft

A

Vmd
4° AOA
Cl/Cd max

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12
Q

Where is Vx for a propeller aircraft

A

Vmp (0.76Vmd)

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13
Q

What is a formula for climb gradient %

A

(Height change x 100) / horizontal distance

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14
Q

What is another equation to calculate % climb gradient

A

Sin gamma = (T-D)/w

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15
Q

What does the “second segment” mean

A

Loss of one of the critical engines

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16
Q

Vmd can be found at tangent to which curves?

A

Drag polar

Power required (different to trust required)

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17
Q

What is the min climb gradient for a twin engine jet in the second segment

A

2.4%

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18
Q

What is the min climb gradient for a 3 engine jet in the second segment

A

2.7%

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19
Q

What is the min climb gradient for a 4 engine jet in the second segment

A

3%

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20
Q

What does descent angle =?

A

Pitch angle + AOA

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21
Q

Is pitch angle positive or negative

A

Negative

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22
Q

Is descent angle positive or negative

A

Positive

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23
Q

What is the equation for angle of descent in still air

A

sin gamma = (D-T) / W

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24
Q

What speed is used in emergency decent and how is this achieved

A

Vmo (velocity max operating)
Mmo (Mach max operating)

Idle power
Spoilers

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25
Q

What is the equation for glide descent

A

Sin gamma = D/W

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26
Q

What is the equation for glide range

A

Height x l/d ratio

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27
Q

When is the greatest glide distance achieved

A

When l/d ratio is greatest

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28
Q

What speed do you glide at for max range

A

Vmd

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29
Q

What speed is the best glide endurance

A

Vmp (0.76Vmd)

30
Q

When will the endurance change with mass

A

More mass less endurance

31
Q

I’m still air how does mass affect glide range

A

Same range as Light aircraft

32
Q

In a headwind how does mass affect glide range

A

Heavy mass = glide further

33
Q

In a tail wind how does mass affect glide range

A

Light aircraft = further glide

34
Q

What is the formula for centripetal force

A

= mv^2/r

Where v is in m/s

35
Q

What does load factor =

A

1/cosangle

36
Q

What is the equation for angle of bank

A

Tan angle = v^2/ rg

Where v is in m/s

37
Q

What effect does mass have on the turn radius

A

No effect

38
Q

what is a rate 1 turn

A

3°/ second

1 min / 180°
2 min / 360°

39
Q

What is s rate 2 turn

A

6°/ second

40
Q

What is a rate 3 turn

A

9°/ second

41
Q

What is the equation for rate of turn

A

(TAS / radius) x 60

42
Q

What happens to rate of turn if you double the speed

A

Double speed = 1/2 rate of turn

43
Q

What is the approx angle of bank in a rate 1 turn

A

(TAS / 10)+ 7

Where TAS is in knots

44
Q

What effect will w climbing turn have on bank

A

Tendency to overbank

“Climb over things”

45
Q

What effect does a descending turn have on angle of bank

A

Tendency to under bank

“Descend under things”

46
Q

How can side slip be caused

A

Turned too much

47
Q

How can skid be caused

A

Not turning enough

48
Q

Do turn coordinators show angle of bank?

A

NO

49
Q

What happens to controllability when stability increases

A

Decreases

50
Q

What is positive static stability

A

Object initially wants to return to equilibrium

51
Q

What happens in neutral static stability

A

Object wants to initially stay where it is

52
Q

What happens in negative static stability

A

Object initially moves away from equilibrium

53
Q

What are the 2 ways to maintain equilibrium

A

Pilot input

Trim input

54
Q

What is negative static
Negative dynamic
Aperiodic stability

A

Initially moves away from equilibrium and keeps going

55
Q

What is neutral static
Neutral dynamic
Aperiodic stability

A

Initially doesn’t move away or closer to equilibrium

And remains at a constant distance away from equilibrium

56
Q

What is positive static
Negative dynamic
Periodic stability

A

Initially moves towards equilibrium

Oscillates

Oscillations get bigger and eventually run away and become so big they don’t return to equilibrium

57
Q

What is positive static
Neutral dynamic
Periodic stability

A

Initially moves towards equilibrium

Oscillations remain at a constant amplitude

58
Q

What is positive static
Positive dynamic
Aperiodic stability

A

Initially moves towards equilibrium

No oscillations

59
Q

What is positive static
Positive dynamic
Periodic stability

A

Initially moves towards equilibrium

Oscillates

Oscillations decreases in size

60
Q

An aircraft in trim is in equilibrium, but an aircraft in equilibrium is …

A

Not necessarily in trim

61
Q

What is the aerodynamic centre

A

The point around which the pitching moments are constant

62
Q

How to calculate the moments around the pitching centre (aerodynamic centre)

A

Lxd = m

M= monentd
D = distance between aerodynamic centre and cp
L = lift
63
Q

Where is the aerodynamic centre of s symmetrical aerofoil

A

25% chord

64
Q

Where is the aerodynamic centre for a cambered aerofoil

A

23-27% chord

65
Q

Where is the aerodynamic centre in supersonic flight

A

50% chord

66
Q

What is the absolute AOA

A

The angle between the raf and the aerofoil zero lift line

67
Q

What is the component of lift in the climb

A

Wcosangle

68
Q

What is the component of excess drag in w descent

A

Wsinangle

69
Q

Formula for rate of turn

A

TAS/ radius x60

Where tas is m/s

70
Q

What is the radius of s turn

A

V^2/gtanangle

ATPL POF (12 decks)

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