Flies Flashcards
Define myiases.
Infestation of larval stages of dipterous flies/maggots/grubs in tissues they feed on.
What distinguishes the oestridae fly family?
Obligate
Causes myiases
Name the 3 species in the oestridae family?
Oestrus
Gasterophilus
Hypoderma
What is the common name for oestrus ovis?
Sheep nasal bot fly
What is the lifecycle of oestrus ovis?
- Fly squirt larva into nasal openings
- Migrate up nasal passages
- Moult and grow
- Larvae drop to the ground
- Pupa
- Adult
What is the lifecycle of gasterophilus species?
- Eggs on hairs of limbs and around mouth of horses
- Larva
- Migrate towards mouth or picked up in grooming
- Migrate through soft tissues in the mouth
- Swallowed
- Attach to stomach mucosa for 1-12 months
- Passed in faeces
- Pupa
- Adult
What is a risk of gasterophilus species?
May impact on digestion
How are gasterophilus species managed?
Highly susceptible to macrocytic lactones
What is the common name for hypoderma species?
Warble fly
What is the lifecycle of hypoderma species?
- Eggs laid on cattle (deer, reindeer)
- Larva
- Penetrate skin through hair follicles
- Migrate
- Quiescent in spinal cord epidural space or oesophagus smooth muscle
- Migrate to dorsal trunk skin
- Warble lesions
- Grow
- Moult to complete lifecycle
What is the common name for lucilia sericata?
Greenbottle fly
What does Lucilia sericata cause in which animal?
Myiasis in sheep
Associated blowfly strike
What is the lifecycle of lucilia sericata?
- Eggs on damaged or soiled skin
- Larva
- Feed for 3 days
- Disperse
What are the factors associated with fly strike associated with lucilia sericata?
- Starch diets > diarrhoea > attracts flies
- Reduced grooming behaviours due to dental disease for example
- If the rabbit cannot remove faecal matter > attract flies
Describe characteristics of species in the hippoboscidae family.
- No wings
- Spend entire life on host feeding
- Don’t lay eggs but produce larva > pupa > adults
Name 2 species in the hippoboscidae family.
Melophagus ovinus/sheep ked
Hippobosca equina/forest fly
What are the hosts of melophagus ovinus?
Sheep, goats
What is caused by melophagus ovinus?
Contagious
Discomfort, restlessness
Where is the lifecycle of melophagus ovinus carried out?
Complete lifecycle on host
What is the appearance of hippobosca equina?
Powerful legs
Big claws
Has wings but may shed them after finding a host
What are the hosts of hippobosca equina?
Horses
Cattle
Birds
What is caused by hippobosca equina?
Discomfort
Irritation
Where is the lifecycle of hippobosca equina carried out?
Not complete lifecycle on host
What is the common name for tabanids?
Horse/deer flies
What is the appearance of tabanids?
Large mouthparts that cut the skin to feed
What are the hosts of tabanids?
Horse, deer, many animals
What can tabanids cause?
Insect bite hypersensitivity reaction in horses
What is the common name for stomoxys?
Stable fly
What do stomoxys cause?
Discomfort in cattle and horses
Painful bites
What is the common name for haematobia irritans?
Horn fly, closely related to stable fly
Where on the body of which animal is haematobia irritans?
Around the head in cattle
What is caused by haematobia irritans?
Significant irritation
What is the common name for hydrotea irritans?
Head fly
What do hydrotea irritans feed on?
Wounds at blowfly strike sites in sheep
What do hydrotea irritans cause?
Sheep lesions on head
Which bacteria can be transmitted by hydrotea irritans to cause mastitis in cattle?
Trueperella pyogenes
Peptococcus indolicus
Streptococcus dysgalactiae
What is the common name for musca autumnalis?
Face fly
How does musca autumnalis feed?
Non-biting fly. Feeds on secretions from eyes, nose and mouth, so are distracting and interrupt grazing.
Which diseases is musca autumnalis a mechanical vector of?
Moraxella bovis
New forest disease/keratoconjunctivitis
What is the common name for phlebotomus species?
Sandfly
What can phlebotomus species cause?
Can be infected with leishmania, causing substantial skin and systemic disease.
What is the common name for culicoides?
Biting midges
What can culicoides cause in horses?
Sweet itch/insect bit hypersensitivity in horse
What diseases can culicoides be a vector of?
Bluetongue and Schmallenburg viruses
What is the epidemiology of culicoides?
Weak flies can be blown far in wind so spread infectious disease