flexibility

Question 1

What is ROM?

Answer 1

Total excursion possible at a joint from the beginning mvt to the end of it

Question 2

What is the clinical definition of stiffness?

Answer 2

Sensation of difficulty moving a joint or apparent loss of ROM. Often goes with joint pain and swelling.

Question 3

Joint stiffness: ?

Answer 3

• Increase with age
• Decrease rom
• Most common complains of OA

Question 4

What factors contribute to stiffness? (4)

Answer 4

1. with age: decrease muscle mass due to decrease in number of muscle fiber. Increase connective tissue surrounding and within muscle.
2. Connective tissue: tendons, ligaments, fascia, joint capsule.
3. With age: change in the chemical composition of the CT matrix + collagen –>
   Loss of water content & less extensible + more resistant to being deformed.
4. Breakdown of articular surface in the weight-bearing joint; by the age of 75, 85% of OA have osteoarthritic changes.

Question 5

Functional consequences of loss of flexibility can greatly affect ADL’s ? (4)

Answer 5

• Getting out of car
• Stepping off or on a curb
• Bending down to pick something up
• Putting on clothes

Question 6

Increase in number of functional limitations leads to: ?

Answer 6

Loss of independence

Question 7

When OA improve flexibility, They improve ?

What is the mechanism ? (2)

Answer 7

Muscle strength

• Effort spent to gain ROM is sufficient to challenge the surrounding musculature and slightly increase strength
• Increasing joint’s ROM may release the muscle to such a extent that they can be used more readily and more efficiently.

Question 8

BADL consist of _____________?

Answer 8

self care task

Question 9

IADL or not necessary for ______________ but they let an individual live ___________________?

Answer 9

fundamental functioning, Independently in a community.

Question 10

What is the critical changes?

Is that important to design PA program ?

Answer 10

Absolutes minimal ROM required to perform a certain activity.

YES!

Question 11

What are the special consideration after knee/hip surgery?

Answer 11

KTR = to more flex past 110
HIP = No hip flex past 90, No hip ADD pass midline (no cross leg), no hip internal rotation.

Question 12

What is the purpose of the donning a pullover shirt for OA with shoulder limitation ? This method can also be used in OA with ?

What are the order instruction ?

Answer 12

To allow OA with one-sided weakness to done shirt with ease.

Frozen and painful shoulders

1. located the front side and put it down on the lap, with the bottom near the body.
2. pull sleeve all the way along the weak arm, past the elbow.
3. same thing for the strong (normal) arm.
4. lean forward slightly and pull collar over the head.

Question 13

Can OA with ROM deficit improve their flex. ?
How (which exercises)?
What is the most important?

Answer 13

YES

Traditional stretching exercise
tai-chi
dance
aquatic exercise

Stressing the end range of a joint motion. ( the maximal distance a joint ROM can be moved until a point of discomfort)

Question 14

Type of stretching
static (4)
dynamic (3)

Answer 14

static:

• Target one muscle group
• Moving into a specific ROM until end range.
• Holding 10-90 sec
• very safe

Dynamic:

• Moving through a specific ROM + holding for 2-5sec then returning to the starting position
• Progressively increase the joint ROM with each rep
• More functional to ADLs

Question 15

Dynamic stretches can be introduced when? (2)

Answer 15

Muscle are warmer.

To participants with poor body awareness.

Question 16

Flex excer Guidelines (4)

Answer 16

• Emphasize joint that have significant decrease in joint ROM
• Stretch to a point of gentle tension, but not pain
• Do not jerk, bounce or force a stretch because this could lead to injury
• Breathing: inhale before starting, exhale during mvt, breath evenly while holding stretch.