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aging > Bone > Flashcards

Bone Flashcards

1
Q

Bone density (3)

A
  • Bone mass per unit of volume
  • Accounts for 50 to 80% od the bone resistance to fracture
  • Estimated rate of bone loss after menopausal 1 to 2% per decade for 10 first year and 3 to 5 % after
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2
Q 
Bone quality (integrity) --> to major components that affect the structural integrity of the bone?
Minerals provide \_\_\_\_\_\_ & \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ?
A

collagen + minerals

rigidity and strength

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3
Q

Bone geometry

A
  • as we age, the bone diameter changes
  • the loss of BMD is compensated by a process called periosteal apposition which is the addition of tissue along the outer surface of the bone
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4
Q

Application point of the Of Roof Trusses and Bone

A

The bone strength is not only affect by the density, but also by the geometry and the integrity of the bone framework, which all 3 can be affected by exercises.

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5
Q

Osteopenia

A

Condition where the bone density is lower than normal. Precursor of osteoporosis

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6
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Disease where bone mass and structure decrease to a point where there is a significant fragility and susceptibility to fracture.

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7
Q

Established osteoporosis

A

Osteoporosis with one or more fragility fractures

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8
Q

how many women will experienced a fracture?

A

40%

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9
Q

Less than _____ who had a hip fracture will recover sufficiently to perform BADL and IADL

A

1/3

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10
Q

What is a fragility fracture?

A

Any fall from the standing height or less that result in a fracture

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11
Q

Guidelines for preserving bone health (4)

A
  • Weight-bearing endurance activities (tennis, stair climbing and jogging with walking) jumping (basketball and volleyball) resistance training (weight lifting)
  • Weight bearing endurance 3-5 times/week and RT 2-3 times/week
  • Intensity mod to high
  • 30 to 60min per day of all 3
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12
Q

Guidelines for diagnosed osteoporosis (5)

A
  • 1 to 3 sets, 5 to 8 resp, 4 to 6 weight-bearing exercise, lower body strength using body weight resistance
  • Progressively adding resistance (up to 10 lbs) with weighted vest
  • Activities performed 2-3 times/weeks
  • Theraband and rubber tubing to facilitates ROM
  • Avoid impact exercise, spinal flexion against resistance, spinal extension, high compressive forces along the spine, quick trunk rotation
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13
Q

Falls cause of injuries and death (4)

Hospitalization (2)

A
  • Leading cause of falls among Canadian 65+
  • 20 to 30% of community dwelling Canadian seniors experienced one fall per year
  • Falls or the cause of 95% of all hip fracture
  • 20% of these results in death
  • Falls accounts for 85% of all injury-related hospitalization
  • Falls are associated with 1/3 of injury-related admission to long-term care facilities
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14
Q

OA may make more errors when they are required to move _____ than their ability to move _______

A

faster, accurately

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15
Q

Continous and progressive decrease in ?

A
  • Nerve conduction fiber (10 to 15%)
  • proprioception (sens of limb position and mvt) decrease response from muscle spindles
  • Vestibular function (dizziness)
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16
Q

What are the 2 factors affecting the incidence of falls in OA?

A
  • Impaired position sense ( orientation of body in space + position of body parts relative to each other)
  • Foot position awareness (low heels, thin and hard soles maximize proprioception)
17
Q

Age related changes in vision (3)

A
  • Visual acuity decrease with age
  • Anatomical changes in visual system (cornea, lens, iris, vitreous humour and visual cortex)
  • Vision loss = peripheral vison, glare sensitivity, dark adaptation, depth perception
18
Q

Interpretation of sounds depends on ? (3)
OA often complain of what ?
Hearing impairment can be complicated by what ?

A
  • Acuity
  • Localization of the sounds
  • Ability to mask extraneous sounds

Hearing that someone speak but not being able to make sense of the words

tinnitus, speaking too fast

19
Q

Functional implication of vision and hearing impairments (4)

A
  • Exercise well lighted
  • Instruction spoken clearly and slowly
  • Instructor should face the participant and observe their comprehension
  • External support for safety and for participant who have past history of falls
20
Q

What are the FIRST of the 7 principles for maximizing the influence of exercise bone ?

A
  1. Bone adapts better to dynamic rather than static mechanical stimulation

The message that tells bone to grow in response to mechanical loading is most likely fluid flow through canalicular channels and around bone trabeculae

Hormonal response promoting growth are amplified by intensity and difference in exercise patterning

21
Q

What are the SECOND of the 7 principles for maximizing the influence of exercise bone ?

A

If bone is to respond to training, stimuli must be at a suprathreshold level

  • High intensity RT = greater effect on bone density vs high impact aerobic training
  • Effect of RT = site specific
  • Intensity = more than 75% of 10 reps max
22
Q

What are the THIRD of the 7 principles for maximizing the influence of exercise bone ?

A

Bone response to exercise is improving with brief but intermittent exercise

  • Dividing the total volume of exercise performed per week across 5 days is better than the same volume of exercise in fewer days
  • Application point: short, intense bouts of exercise build bone more efficiently than longer session. If we have to reduce the exercise time, better to reduce each session rather than the number of exercise session
23
Q

What are the FOURTH of the 7 principles for maximizing the influence of exercise bone ?

A

Bone response best when the exercise used a pattern that differs from usual loading pattern

  • Tissues adapts best when it is faced with a challenge that is beyond those experienced in everyday life
  • Important to vary RT
24
Q

What are the FIFTH of the 7 principles for maximizing the influence of exercise bone ?

A

The response that any bone have to mechanical stimulation such as exercise, is proportional to loading cycle ( how frequently the stimulus is applied)

-Max reps is 40 after that plateau

25
Q

What are the SIXTH of the 7 principles for maximizing the influence of exercise bone ?

A

For bone to adaptt, it must have sufficient energy to rebuild itself

  • 2 major dietary problem of OA: low energy (protein) intake and low calcium intake
26
Q

What are the SEVENTH of the 7 principles for maximizing the influence of exercise bone ?

A

For exercise to work there should be abundant calcium and vitamine D

  • Calcium = major raw minerals used to build bone along with phosphate and magnesium

aging (7 decks)

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