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Epi > Flavi > Flashcards

Flavi Flashcards

1
Q

Serological cross reactions frequently occur between related flaviviruses

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2
Q

Many of the flaviviruses are zoonotic agents

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3
Q

Viruses of the Pestivirus genus are more resistant in the environment than the members of the Flavivirus genus

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4
Q

Viruses of the Pestivirus genus are more resistant in the environment than the other members of the Flavivirus genus

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5
Q

Yellow fever virus and Dengue virus are human pathogens

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6
Q

Louping ill is most frequently seen in sheep

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7
Q

Differential diagnoses of Louping-Ill: Listeria, Rabies, Scrapie

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8
Q

The tick borne encephalitis is endemic in central Europe

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9
Q

The tick borne encephalitis virus can be transmitted via consumption of raw milk

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10
Q

The consumption of raw goat milk is a possible source of human tick borne encephalitis

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11
Q

Biphasic fever is a characteristic of TBE

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12
Q

Consumption of contaminated, raw goat milk is a possible source of human tick-borne encephalitis virus infection

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13
Q

Inactivated vaccines are used for the prevention of humans from tick-borne encephalitis

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14
Q

Inactivated vaccines are available against tick-borne encephalitis for humans

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15
Q

Tick-borne encephalomyelitis mainly occurs clinically in humans

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16
Q

Tick-borne encephalomyelitis occurs throughout Europe and Asia

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17
Q

Tick-borne encephalomyelitis exists as natural foci infections

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18
Q

Occasionally tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus can be transmitted to humans via consuming raw milk

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19
Q

Tick-borne encephalomyelitis occurs seasonally

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20
Q

For humans inactivated tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus vaccines are also available

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21
Q

Migratory birds play a role in the transmission of West Nile virus

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22
Q

Mammals are mostly accidental hosts of West Nile Fever virus

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23
Q

West Nile Fever is a notifiable disease

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24
Q

In West Nile epidemics wild bird mortality is usually observed before horse and human cases can be detected

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25
Q

To prevent West Nile Fever, vaccine is available for horses

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26
Q

The West Nile virus may cause encephalitis in humans and in horses

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27
Q

Horses and humans do not play a significant role in the transmission of West Nile virus

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28
Q

The West Nile fever epidemics occur usually at the end of summer and during Autumn

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29
Q

Wild birds are the natural hosts of West Nile virus

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30
Q

Vaccines are available for the prevention of horses from WNV infections

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31
Q

Different genetic lineages of West Nile virus are circulating in Europe

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32
Q

Various strains of WNV, belonging to different genetic lineages are circulating in Europe

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33
Q

There is no vaccine available for humans against WNV infection yet

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34
Q

Mosquitoes are the principle vectors of the WNV

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35
Q

The sero-diagnostics of WNV is complicated by cross-reactions with related flaviviruses

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36
Q

Certain predatory bird species are particularly sensitive to WNV infections

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37
Q

The use of repellents may reduce the risk of infection with WNV

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38
Q

The weather influences the emergence of West Nile Virus outbreaks, through its effect on mosquito propagation dynamics

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39
Q

Laboratory diagnosis should confirm the aetiology of West Nile encephalitis

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40
Q

The most important maintaining hosts of West Nile fever virus are water birds

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41
Q

Clinical signs of West Nile fever are most frequently seen in birds, horses and humans

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42
Q

Neurological signs develop only in a small percentage of the diseased animals

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43
Q

West Nile fever occurs worldwide

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44
Q

Vectors of West Nile fever virus are different mosquito species

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45
Q

The host range of West Nile virus is very wide

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46
Q

The sero-diagnostics of West Nile virus is complicated by cross-reactions with related flaviviruses

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47
Q

The Japanese encephalitis virus causes abortion in swine

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48
Q

The yellow fever virus causes liver damages

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49
Q

The zika virus causes fever, rash and conjunctivitis in humans

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50
Q

BVDV can be frequently detected in the background of respiratory diseases

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51
Q

In utero infection with non-cytopathic BVDV can cause seropositivity of the newborn calf

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52
Q

In utero infection with non cytopathic BVDV can cause immunotolerance

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53
Q

Two serotypes of the BVD virus are known so far, serotype 2 is more virulent

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54
Q

Pigs infected with BVDV turn seropositive to classical swine fever

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55
Q

Persistently infected cattle can maintain BVDV in a farm

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56
Q

Non-cytopathic BVD virus strain can mutate and become cytopathic

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57
Q

The BVD virus can infect pigs also

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58
Q

Cytopathic strains of the Bovine Viral Diarrhoea virus (BVDV) can cause abortion

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59
Q

Cattle which are immune tolerant to BVD virus may develop mucosal disease

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60
Q

In sheep BVDV causes symptoms similar to border disease

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61
Q

Mucosal disease can develop in cattle persistently infected with BVDV

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62
Q

Non cytopathic strains of Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) can cause immunosuppression

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63
Q

Non cytopathic strains of Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) can cause immunosuppression

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64
Q

BVDV can be transmitted by semen

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65
Q

In mucosal disease sharp edged, usually round or oval ulcers can be observed on the oral mucosa

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66
Q

In mucosal disease haemorrhages can be observed under the serosal surfaces and in the kidney cortex

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67
Q

Bloody diarrhoea is a clinical sign of the mucosal disease

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68
Q

BVD and mucosal disease are caused by the same viral species

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69
Q

Eradication programmes against the bovine viral diarrhoea virus are usually based on the selection of immunotolerant animals

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70
Q

Eradication of BVD virus is based on the removal of immunotolerant animals

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71
Q

Two genotypes of the BVDV are known

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72
Q

BVDV forms one serotype, but there are significant antigenic differences between the strains

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73
Q

Persistently infected animals play the major role in the maintenance and spread of BVDV

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74
Q

BVDV infection may cause immunosuppression

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75
Q

The BVD virus typically damages endothelial-, epithelial- and lymphatic tissues

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76
Q

BVD clinically is mostly seen in cattle from 6 to 24 months of age

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77
Q

BVD virus can cause severe damage to fetuses in pregnant cows

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78
Q

BVD infection of pregnant cows can result in delivery of immunotolerant persistently infected calves

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79
Q

Bulls can shed BVD virus for long time in semen, without showing any clinical sign

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80
Q

Both attenuated live and inactivated vaccines are used in eradication of BVD

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81
Q

BVDV is practically sensitive to disinfectants

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82
Q

Cytopathic BVDV strains cause mucosal disease in immune-tolerant calves

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83
Q

Goats can be infected with border disease

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84
Q

In utero border disease virus infection may cause immunotolerance

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85
Q

Border disease of sheep is mainly characterized by foetal damages

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86
Q

Border disease appears as foetal damage in pregnant ewes

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87
Q

Border disease occurs in Hungary

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88
Q

Border disease causes abortion in ewes

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89
Q

Border disease of sheep can be controlled by screening for carriers

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90
Q

Haemorrhagic enteritis is a characteristic pathological lesion of Classical swine fever T

Classical Swine Fever is frequently complicated with bacterial infections. T

Classical swine fever virus can be transmitted by raw pork products T

Classical swine fever virus can retain its infectivity for 6 months in frozen meat T

The CSFV may survive in frozen meat for months T

During necropsy enlarged bloody lymph nodes can be seen in Classical swine fever cases T

Because of endothelial damage Classical swine fever results in haemorrhages T

In acute Classical swine fever, at the beginning obstipation, later diarrhoea can be observed T

Classical swine fever targets the bone marrow stem cells T

Erysipelas and Porcine circovirus 2 infections may cause clinical signs and pathology lesions similar to CSF T

Weakness of the hind legs and ataxia are clinical signs of Classical Swine Fever T

Ischaemic infarcts at the edges of the spleen are postmortem lesions of subacute Classical Swine Fever T

The boutons in the intestines are characteristic lesions in subacute Classical Swine Fever T

Kidney haemorrhage is a characteristic lesion of Classical Swine Fever T

Hemorrhages are the most typical lesions of acute CSF T

During necropsy of acute Classical swine fever cases, haemorrhages can be seen in the gastric mucosa T

Among Classical Swine Fever clinical signs CNS and eye problems can be observed

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T

91
Q

Classical swine fever infection during the first half of pregnancy results in the birth of immunotolerant piglets

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92
Q

CSF infection during the first of half of pregnancy can lead to abortion

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93
Q

The shedding of CSFV begins 1-2 days after the appearance of clinical signs T

The domestic swine population of most European countries are free from CSF T

Classical swine fever causes oronasal infection T

Classical swine fever can be transmitted by mating T

CSF can cause transplacental infections T

CSFV may case reproductive disorders T

Classical swine fever targets lymphatic tissues T

CSF infections result in thrombocytopenia T

Clinical signs of Classical Swine fever are mainly seen in 6-12 week old piglets in vaccinated herds T

Classical swine fever infection during the first half of pregnancy can lead to abortion T

Wild boars play the main role in the maintenance of CSF virus in endemic areas T

Wild boar may play a role in the maintenance and spread of CSFV

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T

94
Q

In acute Classical swine fever skin haemorrhages and bloody nasal discharge can be observed

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95
Q

Normal sized spleen can be observed in uncomplicated cases of subacute Classical swine fever

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96
Q

Classical swine fever infection results in immunosuppression

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97
Q

Central nervous signs might be seen in classical swine fever

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98
Q

Porcine circovirus 2 may cause lesions similar to Classical Swine Fever

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99
Q

Low virulence strains of CSFV may cause reproductive problems

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100
Q

CSFV may damage the lymphatic tissues and blood vessel endothelial cells

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101
Q

Swine can shed CSFV in the incubation period

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102
Q

Skin suffusions and haemorrhages are signs of Classical Swine Fever

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103
Q

Contaminated pork meat can play a role in the transmission of CSFV

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104
Q

Attenuated vaccines are developed for immunization of swine against CSFV

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105
Q

The Classical Swine Fever may appear in a milder form in wild boar than in domestic swine

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106
Q

Acute classical swine fever can cause haemorrhagic pneumonia

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107
Q

Classical swine fever virus can cause immunotolerance in swine

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108
Q

Classical swine fever virus causes lympho-histiocytic encephalitis in pigs

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109
Q

Low virulence strains of CSFV may lead to asymptomatic infection

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110
Q

CSF is spread via infected pigs

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111
Q

Sows infected by CSF will have immunotolerant piglets

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112
Q

CSF can hardly be distinguished from African swine fever

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113
Q

Incubation of CSF is 8-22 days

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114
Q

CSF was first written about in USA

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115
Q

CSF virus has good resistance

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116
Q

CSF is frequently complicated with bacterial infections

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117
Q

The clinical signs of CSF and ASF are similar

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118
Q

Serological cross reactions my occur between BVD virus and CSFV

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119
Q

Only domestic swine and wild boars are susceptible

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120
Q

Fever, anorexia haemorrhages in the skin and weakness of the hind legs are the most important sign

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121
Q

The CSFV typically damages endothelial- and lymphatic tissue

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122
Q

Classical swine fever is a notifiable disease in Europe

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123
Q

In subacute CSF we can observe signs of pneumonia during necropsies

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T

Epi (19 decks)

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