Flatworms-trematode (liver fluke)

Question 1

How do flukes cause disease

Answer 1

Suck blood
Obstruct blood
Destroy organs
Egg accumlations

Question 2

What are the stages of fluke

Answer 2

Miracidum > sporocyst > Redia > Cercaria > Metacercaria

Question 3

What are the three ways Cercaria becomes Metacercaria

Answer 3

1. Penetrate by 2nd I. host
2. attach to vegetation and encyst
3. penetrate D. host directly

Question 4

How do the miricidium come out

Answer 4

“pop-top” on the egg
pop out into water
Eperculum

Question 5

What happens when fluke gets into snail

Answer 5

produce rediae or cercariae

Question 6

What happens when fluke leaves snail (one of 3 things)

Answer 6

1. 2nd host.
2. Encyst.
3. Direct host

Question 7

What happens during last stage of fluke

Answer 7

loses tail
Metacercaria
infects direct host

Question 8

What are some characteristics of schistosomes

Answer 8

Tubular body
Dioecious
slit where female fits in
no 2nd host
found in blood

Question 9

How do you diagnose fluke infections

Answer 9

Sedimentation
eggs are very heavy
need a very heavy sedimentation solution

Question 10

Faciola hepatica

Answer 10

liver fluke

Question 11

what does faciola hepatic use as intermediate host

Answer 11

Aquatic snail

Question 12

What are characteristics of faciola hepatica identification

Answer 12

large shoulders
highly branched internal organs
large eggs
eperculum on egg

Question 13

Where is fasciola heptica found

Answer 13

snails in neutral pH soil

Question 14

Life cycle of fasciola hepatica

Answer 14

Eggs in feces > egg contacts water and miracidium emerges > miracidia penetrates snail > cercariae develop from snail sink to bottom of pond and encyst > water with egg ingested by host > goes to liver > go to bile ducts as mature

Question 15

What is the transmission of faciola hepatica

Answer 15

seasonal

need mild temperatures

Question 16

Where does fasciola hepatica survive during summer

Answer 16

the entire population survives in ruminates

Question 17

What are characteristics of fasciola hepatica pathology

Answer 17

depends on number ingested
Primary lesions: liver parenchyma or bile ducts
acute, subacute, chronic

Question 18

Fasciola hepatica pathology in cattle

Answer 18

low grade, chronic disease

Question 19

Fasciola hepatica pathology in sheep

Answer 19

acute
Prepatent
sheep do not acquire immunity
Traumatic hepatitis: Migration of large numbers of juvenile flukes
Death: massive exposure of juvenile flukes

Question 20

What is chronic fasiolasis

Answer 20

Most common- cattle and sheep
moderate number of adults 
eggs in feces
hepatic fibrosis
anemia

Question 21

Chroic fasciolasis clinical signs in sheep

Answer 21

bottle jaw

Question 22

Chronic fascioliasis in cattle

Answer 22

not much

Question 23

What are some charcteristics of Digenea

Answer 23

Sexual and asexual 
2+ hosts (always a snail)
Leaflike
2 attachment organs
Have Ceca