flash cards
What are the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes are much smaller
Only eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles and a nucleus containing genetic material
What is the prokaryotic cell wall composed of?
Peptidoglycan
How is genetic information stored in a prokaryotic cell?
Found free within the cytoplasm as:
Chromosomal DNA( single large loop of circular DNA)
Plasmid DNA
What are plasmids
Small circular loops of DNA found free in the cytoplasm and separate from the main DNA.
Carry genes that provide genetic advantages e.g. antibiotic resistance
What is order of magnitude
A power to the base 10 used to quantify and compare size
What are in both animal and plant cells
- nucleus
- cytoplasm
- cell membrane
- mitochondria
- ribosomes
What are just in plants?
Chloroplast
Permanent vacuole
Cell wall
Other than storing information what else does the nucleus do?
Controls cellular activities
Describe the structure of the cytoplasm
- fluid component of the cell
- contains organelles, enzymes and dissolves ions and nutrients
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Site of cellular reactions e.g. first stage of respiration
Transport medium
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls the entry and exit of materials into and out of the cell
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Later stages of aerobic respiration in which ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is produced
What is the function of the ribosome?
Joins amino acids in a specific order during translation for the synthesis of proteins
What is the plant cell wall made of?
Cellulose
What is the function of the plant cell wall?
- provides strength
- prevents the cell bursting when water enters by osmosis
