bioenergetics notes Flashcards
what is bioenergetics focus?
how cells transform energy
the equation for aerobic respiration:
C6H12O6+O2—>CO2+H2O
the equations for anaerobic respiration:
C6H12O6—>lactic acid (animals)
C6H12O6—>ethanol+CO2 (plants and yeast)
define respiration:
respiration occurs in every cell in the body and is the process of transferring energy from glucose so living processes can occur.
is respiration endo or exothermic?
exothermic because energy is transferred to the environment
what are some properties of aerobic respiration?
- uses oxygen
- creates a lot of energy
- most of the reactions occur in the mitochondria
what are some properties of anaerobic respiration?
- occurs when there is not enough oxygen
- creates less energy
- used as a last resort
- occurs in animals or plants and yeast
how is the liver involved in respiration?
blood flowing through the muscle transports the lactic acid to the liver where it is converted back into glucose
why do organisms require the energy released by respiration?
- synthesis of larger molecules
- muscle contraction
- maintenance of body temperature
- active transport
why is anaerobic respiration less efficient than aerobic respiration?
glucose is not completely broken down so less energy is transferred
how do muscles store glucose?
as glycogen
how do cells use the energy transferred by respiration?
to continuously carry out enzyme-controlled processes which lead to the synthesis of new molecules
give examples of metabolic reactions?
- glucose into starch/glycogen/cellulose
- glycerol and fatty acids into lipids
- glucose and nitrate ions into amino acids
- photosynthesis
- respiration
- breakdown of excess proteins into urea
