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LT Test > Flammable Liquid Emergency Incidents > Flashcards

Flammable Liquid Emergency Incidents Flashcards

1
Q

Petroleum products handled by pipelines and in bulk storage are measured in barrels. A barrel contains how many gallons?

A

42

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2
Q

Combustible Liquid?

A

Liquid having a flash point above 100 degrees and below 200 degrees

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3
Q

Foam Task Force?

A

2 AR foam units, one pump-and-roll unit, 2 engines, BC and one hazmat asset (if not already dispatched)

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4
Q

Hydrophilic?

A

a substance having a strong affinity for water

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5
Q

Petroleum Distillate?

A

Combustible liquids, including diesel fuel, heating oil and jet fuel

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6
Q

Small Spill?

A

Spill occurring from a container or package approx. 55 gallons or less, a small cylinder, or a small leak from a large container with a minimum flow. Passenger vehicles with leaking tanks are considered small spill responses

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7
Q

Large Spill?

A

A large spill exceeding 55 gallons or multiple spills from multiple small packages or containers. Large spill response include any incident at or involving pipelines, horizontal tanks, tank farms, or flammable liquid tanker trucks or rail cars

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8
Q

The initial units arriving on a flammable liquids incident should declare?

A

The operating mode:
Offensive
Defensive
Non-intervention

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9
Q

First engine company on a flammable liquid incident should make contact with?

A

The responsible party or the facility representative, determine the current situation and ask about any actions taken prior to FD arrival

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10
Q

When delivering the on scene report the first engine company must do what?

A

Confirm staging area and make initial assignments to units arriving on the scene.

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11
Q

What actions should the first engine company perform on the flammable liquid incident?

A
  • Recon of the suspected hazard area for leak/spill/fire

- Recon teams should be equipped with appropriate PPE, detection equipment, binos and TIC

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12
Q

What is the rule of thumb when developing your water supply plan for a flammable liquid incident?

A

Be able to flow at least 1000GPM of finished product per unit flowing product

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13
Q

Who should be the water supply group/officer for a flammable liquid emergency incident?

A
  • Third due engine officer

- Second due BC

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14
Q

What are the two main types of Class B product that may be dealt with?

A

hydrocarbons and polar solvents

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15
Q

Hydrocarbons and polar solvents can be further classified as?

A

Flammable or combustible

Flammable: liquids having a flash point below 100 degrees and having a vapor pressure not exceeding 40psi absolute

Combustibe: liquids having a flash point above 100 degrees and below 200 degrees

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16
Q

If you dilute ethanol with water will it still burn?

A

Yes, it will burn even at 5 parts water to 1 part ethanol

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17
Q

What kind of foam is used in combating ethanol-blended fuel fires?

A

AR foams

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18
Q

AR foams must be applied to ethanol fires using:

A

Type II (fixed foam chambers) gentle application techniques. This means directing the foam stream onto a vertical surface and allowing it to run down onto the fuel

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19
Q

If AR foam cannot be applied indirectly or there is no built-in application device to provide gentle application what is the best option?

A

Protect surrounding exposures

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20
Q

With AFFF-type foams how many gpm foam solution flow for every 10sqft of burning surface on a hydrocarbon fuel? An ethanol-blended fuel not in depth, in depth?

A

Hydocarbon: 1gpm per 10sqft
Ethanol-blended not in depth: 2gpm per 10sqft
Ethanol-blended in depth: 3gpm per 10sqft

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21
Q

AR foams are effective on?

A

both alcohol fires and hydrocarbon fires

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22
Q

What are the resources required for the management of a small spill not occurring inside a structure?

A
  • One engine company
  • Engine Officer should consider a hazmat response
  • If the spill ignites: A Foam Task Force
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23
Q

Resources required for the management of a large spill with or without fire:

A
  • 4 engines
  • 2 speciality units (one must be an aerial device)
  • 2 EMS units
  • 1 BC
  • 1 Command Aide
  • 1 EMS super
  • 1 Foam Task Force
  • Hazmat response
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24
Q

What are the four tactical approaches to tanker truck incidents?

A
  • First, assemble the resources and extinguish the fire with Class B foam
  • Second, for combustible liquids, extinguish the fire with water fog when it can be done without creating environmental problems with the runoff
  • Third, protect adjacent exposures, and allow the fuel to burn itself out
  • An lastly, un-ignited leaks and spills should be diked immediately at a safe location and the liquid covered with foam to suppress and control the flammable vapors
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25
Q

What is the most prevalent style of transport of the blended fuels that we will encounter?

A

MC 306 and DOT 406 style road tankers

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26
Q

How should an incident involving an ethanol carrier and fire be handled?

A

non-intervention mode while maintaining a safe distance

27
Q

When sizing up a tanker truck incident use binoculars to check for placards or other warnings from how far away?

A

500’

28
Q

General service rail cars will carry approx. how many gallons?

A

30,000

29
Q

How many gallons does a MC306/DOT406 carry?

A

8,000-9,000

30
Q

What is the leading single hazardous material transported by rail?

A

E-95

31
Q

Where is the diesel fuel tank found on the locomotive?

A

under-belly of the locomotive approx. midway from front to rear

32
Q

What are the four tactical approaches for a tank car on fire?

A
  • Assemble the resources and extinguish fire with class B foam
  • Extinguish combustible fires with a water fog so long as runoff is not an issue
  • Protect adjacent exposures (this may and should include other tank cars)
  • un-ignited leaks should be diked immediately at a safe location
33
Q

The resources required for the management of a downed aircraft off airport property are:

A

Same resources for a large spill in addition to EMS resources per jurisdictional requirements.

34
Q

What are the two primary factors for transformer fires?

A

load and age

35
Q

What are the three benchmarks that define the nature and current scope of a flammable liquid incident?

A
  • Life safety
  • Incident stabilization/protecting the environment
  • Property conservation
36
Q

What are the overall strategic goals of any incident at a bulk petroleum facility are:

A
  • resuce
  • public protection actions
  • spill control or confinement
  • leak control or confinement
  • fire control
  • recovery
37
Q

What is the most effective appliances for generating low-expansion foam?

A

Air aspirating foam nozzle

38
Q

What are loading racks?

A

Transfer flammable and combustible liquids from the storage tanks to the appropriate transportation platform

39
Q

With the exception of the chief officer(s) responding to the incident scene, the first arriving unit officer shall have all other tactical units…

A

stage at a pre-determined location based on pre-incident plan assignments or as designated via the radio

40
Q

What is the worst-case scenarios for flammable liquid spills?

A

Daytime spill during the summer months, will cause rapid vaporization of high pressure fuels

41
Q

Evacuation of the areas adjacent to a spill or loading rack will typically start with?

A

Other loading isles, parking areas, tanker staging areas, office structures, or tank areas that are downwind and downhill

42
Q

When dealing with a flammable liquid spill at a loading rack structure the most efficient and effective exposure protection is to:

A

suppress vapor development by the proper application of a finished foam blanket

43
Q

Should fixed foam systems located at the loading rack structure be used?

A

Not unless it is the only resource available to accomplish the vapor suppression objective.

In the event the flammable vapors ignite, the loading rack system will serve as an immediate suppression effort

44
Q

In conjunction with the deployment of those exposure protection lines is the absolute necessity to support…

A

any fixed foam protection systems incorporated within the loading rack that have activated

45
Q

The decision to commit foam capable resources early in an incident involving fire at a loading rack must be based on the positive response to several important questions:

A
  • is the current foam protection system working effectively?
  • can fire department foam equipment be connected to the loading rack system before the fixed system exhausts its foam concentrate resources
  • will water supply sources support augmentation of the foam protection system and exposure protection operations simultaneously
46
Q

Before concentrating on any fire associated with a tanker what should you extinguish first

A

ground fires

47
Q

When a three-dimensional leak/fire is encountered a specific action plan must be developed. Some action plans to consider are:

A
  • reducing the fuel storage within the tank serving the three dimensional leak below the level pipe attachment
  • pumping water into the tank to fill sufficiently, allowing water to leak out of the affected three dimensional leak
  • manually close the in-line valve to terminate the flow of fuel to the affected leak/fire site
  • repair damaged and leaking components on site
48
Q

What is one of the more common types of fires involving cone roof tanks?

A

Vent fires

49
Q

General strategies and tactics to manage a tank vent fire:

A
  • application of cooling water
  • simultaneous application of water via hose streams and ry chemical extinguishing agent. This method is tactically referred to as hydro-chem application method
50
Q

What does a bulk storage tank that presents with a partial or completely separated roof indicate?

A

that the vapor space within the tank was within the explosive range

51
Q

The stow or rest positions in a floating roof seal are typically how far off the floor?

A

4-8’

52
Q

Seal fires are a common problem associated with open floating roofs and are most often caused by:

A

lighting strikes near the top of the tank

53
Q

Tank fires can be successfully resolved by following these general strategies:

A
  • protect the structural integrity of the exposed tank shell with cooling water to the exterior of the tank
  • extinguish the fire using fixed fire protection systems attached to the tank
  • extinguish the fire by applying finished foam solution to the seal area from elevated positions
  • mop-up operations may require the use of one or more foam application devices
54
Q

When working on top of a bulk storage tank how many means of egress are required?

A

2 min.

55
Q

General strategy and tactical options to manage a fully or partially submerged floating roof:

A
  • stop product flow into the tank and confirm shutdown
  • provide adequate exposure protection with cooling water
  • apply finished foam solution to the fuel surface using the fixed foam systems if intact or by type III application methods
  • Check for punctures in the tank floor resulting in leaks caused by the tilted floating roof. Spill/fires within the dike area must be controlled by applying finished foam to suppress fire and/or vapors
  • once the fire is extinguished, vapor suppression efforts must be maintained until the tank inventory has been pumped out
56
Q

What kind of bulk storage tank roof have open vents located around the tank shell between the fixed roof and the floating roof?

A

covered floating roof tanks

57
Q

Low pressure storage tanks historically have two unique problems associated with their use?

A
  • vent fire with no associated spill of product

- fire resulting from overfilling

58
Q

What is the most important tactical issue with a vent fire involving a low pressure tank?

A

keeping the upper portion of the exposed tank shell cool until such a time as the fire can be extinguished

59
Q

If a spill is greater than 25 gallons the IC is encouraged to:

A

-hazmat and FTF response

60
Q

If a spill ignites who should be dispatched?

A

a FTF and the response for a large spill

61
Q

Can you premix different brands or concentrates of foam?

A

No, finished foam can be applied at the same time or one after another but no premixing

62
Q

Typical time of flow required for a tank and a ground spill?

A

Tank: 60 mins
Ground: 20 mins

63
Q

Foam Application rates: Type I, II, III

A

Type I: obsolete
Type II: Fixed and semi fixed foam outlet, either subsurface or topside, designed to deliver finished foam to surface of burning liquid with restricted agitation
Type III: Use of master streams and hand line nozzles to deliver finished foam to the burning surface in a manner that results in some agitation of the surface

LT Test (13 decks)

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