Flagellates

Question 1

Flagellates possesses a whiplike locomotor apparatus known as what?

Answer 1

Flagella

Question 2

What special organs do flagellates possess?

Answer 2

• Sucking disk
• Undulating membrane
• Axostyle

Have been developed to withsatnd the peristaltic action of the intestine

S.U.A.

Question 3

Most species have a rudimentary mouth known as what?

Answer 3

Cytosome

Question 4

They inhabit the visceral organ and non-tissue invader.

Answer 4

Atrial or lumen flagellates

Question 5

Giardia lamblia is also known as what?

Answer 5

G. intestinalis or G. duodenalis

Question 6

This is the only intestinal flagellate that inhabit the small intestine.

Answer 6

Giardia lamblia

Question 7

What is the shape of the trophozoite of Giardia lamblia?

Answer 7

pear-shaped or teardrop shaped

Question 8

How long and how wide does a Giardia lamblia measure?

Answer 8

9 to 12 μm (micrometer) long and 5 to 15 μm (micrometer) wide

Question 9

How many pairs of flagella are there in Giardia lamblia?

Answer 9

Four pairs

8 flagellas in total

Question 10

How many nuclei are there in Giardia lamblia’s trophozoite stage?

Answer 10

Two nuclei

Has large karyosomes

Question 11

A Giardia labmlia trophozoite is supported by an axostyle made up of what?

Answer 11

Two axonemes

Question 12

What is the shape of the parabasal body or median body that is posterior to the nuclei of the Giardia lamblia?

Answer 12

Sausage-shaped

Question 13

What is the characteristic of movement of a Giardia lamblia?

Answer 13

Jerky, falling leaf

Question 14

What is the cystic stage of a Giardia lamblia?

Answer 14

Ovoidal measuring 8 - 12 microns with a smooth, well-defined wall

Question 15

How many nuclei does a Giardia lamblia’s cystic stage have?

Answer 15

Two to four nuclei

Question 16

What is the infective stage of Giardia lamblia?

Answer 16

Cyst

Question 17

What is the diagnostic stage of the Giardia lamblia?

Answer 17

Trophozoite

Question 18

Where is Giardia lamblia usually acquired?

Answer 18

Contaminated food, water, or hands/formites with infective cysts.

Question 19

What tests can be performed to obtain a specimen of Giardia lamblia?

Answer 19

• Examination of duodenal contents for trophozoites
• Entero-string tests

Question 20

Giardiasis is most common in what conditions?

Answer 20

Warm, moist climates, particularly in children.

Question 21

The prevalence of Giardiasis is associated with what?

Answer 21

Poor environmental sanitation

Question 22

What are importatnt risk factors of Giardiasis?

Answer 22

• Poor hygiene
• Poor sanitation
• Overcrowding
• Homosexual practices (oral-anal sex)
• Bacterial and fungal growth in the small intestine

P.P.O.H.B

Question 23

Giardiasis has been shown to be related to what syndrome?

Answer 23

Gay bowel syndrome

Outdated medical term used to describe a collection of sexually transmitted rectal infection and related issues that were observed more frequently in men who have sex with men.

Question 24

What is the drug of choice for Giardia lamblia?

Answer 24

Metronidazole

Furazolidone may be used especially for children under 5 years old.

Question 25

What preventative measures can be used for Giardia lamblia?

Answer 25

* Proper disposal of human excreta * Avoid using human excreta as fertilizer

Question 26

This organism ihabits the cecal region of the large intestine.

Answer 26

Chilomastix mesnili

Question 27

What is the size of a Chilomastix mesnili?

Answer 27

6 - 10 microns

Question 28

What is the shape of the trophozoite of a Chilomastix mesnili?

Answer 28

Pear-shaped

Question 29

What is the shape of the cystic stage of a Chilomastix mesnili?

Answer 29

Lemon-shaped | nipple-shaped cyst

Question 30

How many nuclei does a Chilomastix mesnili have?

Answer 30

One large nucleus

Question 31

What is the size of the nucleus of the Chilomastix mesnili?

Answer 31

7 - 16 microns

Question 32

How does transmission occur in Chilomastix mesnili?

Answer 32

Through ingestion of cyst in food and drinks.

Question 33

What kind of parasite is Chilomasyix mesnili?

Answer 33

Commensal | No treatment is necessary

Question 34

What stages does Trichomonas spp have?

Answer 34

Trophic stage only | No cystic stage

Question 35

What is the shape of a Trichomonas spp?

Answer 35

Shperical

Question 36

Has a rounded anterior end and somewhat pointed posterior end.

Answer 36

Trichomonas spp.

Question 37

What is the largest Trichomonas?

Answer 37

Trichomonas vaginalis | Measuring up to 7 to 23 microns

Question 38

How many nuclei does a Trichomonas vaginalis have?

Answer 38

Single nucleus

Question 39

It is the only pathogenic Trichomonas.

Answer 39

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 40

# True of False In Trichomonas vaginalis, the vaginal secretion will be blueish green in color, or frothy and smelly.

Answer 40

False Vaginal secretion will be **greenish yellow** in color, or **frothy and creamy**

Question 41

Where are specimens collected for Trichomonas vaginalis in female?

Answer 41

* Urine * Urethral secretion * Vaginal and servical secretions

Question 42

Where are specimens collected for Trichomonas vaginalis in males?

Answer 42

* Semen * Prostatic secretions

Question 43

What stains can be used for Trichomonas vaginalis?

Answer 43

* Pap's * Romanowsky * Acridine orange * Giemsa | P.R.A.G.

Question 44

What can be used to culture the Trichomonas vaginalis specimen?

Answer 44

* Diamond's modified medium * Feinberg and Whittington culture media

Question 45

What is the manner of infection of trichomonas vaginalis?

Answer 45

Sexual intercourse | Contaminated toilet seat and towel may also cause infection

Question 46

What is the most effective drug for treatment of Trichomonas in both sexes?

Answer 46

Oral metronidazole | Acid douche may be useful too.

Question 47

This flagellate inhabits the oral cavity of the host.

Answer 47

Trichomonas tenax

Question 48

How many flagella's does Trichomonas tenax have?

Answer 48

Four (4)

Question 49

How large is a Trichomonas tenax' trophic stage?

Answer 49

5 - 12 microns

Question 50

How many nuclei does a Trichomonas tenax have?

Answer 50

Single nucleus and cytostome

Question 51

How is Trichomonas tenax usually transmitted?

Answer 51

* Droplet spray from mouth * Kissing * Common use of contaminated dishes and drinking water

Question 52

How is diagnosis performed with Trichomonas tenax?

Answer 52

By **swabbing the tartar between gingival margin of the gums** or **tonsillar crypts.**

Question 53

Where is the common habitat of Trichomonas hominis?

Answer 53

The caecum

Question 54

How many flagella's does the trophic stage of Trichomonas hominis have

Answer 54

Five (5) anterior flagellas

Question 55

How large is the trophic stage of Trichomonas hominis?

Answer 55

7 - 13 microns

Question 56

How many nuclei does Trichomonas hominis have?

Answer 56

Single nucleus and cytossome

Question 57

How is Trichomonas hominis usually transmitted?

Answer 57

Through ingestion of contaminated food and water.