Fixed appliances

Question 1

Indications for fixed appliances

Answer 1

Intrusion
Derotation
Controlled space closure at extraction sites
Bodily movement
Extrusion or torque control

Question 2

Active Components

SESAME

Answer 2

Springs
Elastics
Separators
Archwires
Magnets
Elastomerics

Question 3

ADVANTAGES OF FIXED ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES

Answer 3

► 1. Precise tooth control is possible

► 2. Multiple tooth movements are possible.

► 3. Patient cooperation is reduced,

Question 4

DISADVANTAGES OF FIXED ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES

Answer 4

► 1. Oral hygiene requirement

► 2. Esthetics

► 3. Special training for operator

► 4. Increased cost of treatment

►5. Increased chair side time

► 6. Anchorage control is more difficult as compared to removable appliances.

► 7. Treatment monitoring is more difficult

Question 5

Separators

Answer 5

► 1. Soft brass wires, wires of 0.5 or 0.6 mm diameter , this was very uncomfortable to the patient and the force exerted was not controlled and the twisted end often caused laceration injuries to the buccal mucosa and/or gingival.

► 2. Kesslying separators, These are made of 0.016” special plus Australian wire with helices at the closed end . The open straight arm passes below the contact, sufficient space is created within 48 hours of application.

► 3. Ring separators These are small elastic rings that are stretched and passed through the interdental contacts using the separator placing pliers or using two pieces of dental floss . The elastic material used to make these ring separators can be either round or with edges. Round ring separators are the most comfortable for the patient as they fit snugly in the interdental region. Separation takes about 7 days.

► 4. Dumb-bell separators These consists of a dumb-bell shaped piece of elastic that is stretched and passed through the contacts between adjacent teeth. The elastic of the separator constricts over time to regain its original space and causes separation.

Question 6

Elastics

Answer 6

Class 1- interarch
Class 2- intermaxillary (lower molar)
Class 3- intermaxillary (upper molar)
Diagonal-mid line shift

Question 7

Elastomerics

Answer 7

Elastic chain-space closure
Elastic thread-derotation
Elastic ligatures-

Question 8

Springs (CROTU)

Answer 8

Uprighting springs
Rotating springs
Torquing springs
Open coil springs
Closed coil spring

Question 9

Passive components

Answer 9

Bands
Brackets
Buccal tubes
Lock pins
Ligature wires