Fixed Appiances

Question 1

What are the indications of removable appliance

Answer 1

Tipping

Intrusion or extrusion only

Question 2

What indications are there for placement of fixed appliances?

Answer 2

Bodily movement
Intrusion/ extrusion
Rotation
Torque

Question 3

Describe edgewise brackets

Answer 3

Straight slot into brackets

Tooth position dependant on arch wire bends

Question 4

Describe pre adjusted brackets

Answer 4

Slot pre angulated / pre torqued

Minimal arch wire bends

Question 5

What can contemporary fixed appliances address?

Answer 5

Bodily movement - space closure , overjet reduction
Rotations
Intrusions/ intrusions - over bite reduction
Up righting- root torquing

Question 6

What movements do first order bends allow

Answer 6

In / out

Question 7

What movements do 2nd order bends allow

Answer 7

Tip

Question 8

What movement do 3rd order bends allow?

Answer 8

Torque

Question 9

What are the main components to fixed appliances

Answer 9

Brackets
Molar bands/ buccal tubes
Arch wires
Ligatures
Auxiliaries

Question 10

How are brackets adhered to tooth surface

Answer 10

Etched with 37%
Primer- methacrylated phosphoric acid esters

Composite resin sandwich

Unfilled resin adjacent to tooth
Filled resin in middle
Unfolded resin adjacent to bracket base

Question 11

Describe the three buccal tubes

Answer 11

Upper head gear tube
Middle auxially tube
Arch wire tube

Question 12

How are bands placed?

Answer 12

Cement - reinforced GI
Compomer

Positioned with Mershon band pusher
Bite stick

Question 13

What are the materials on offer re. Archwires

Answer 13

Nickel titanium- light and flexible
Stainless steel - less flexible
Beta titanium
Glass/composite

Question 14

What type of Archwire is used as standard

Answer 14

Nickel titanium- round/ rectangular

Thermally active

Question 15

What archwire can be used for sliding mechanics

Answer 15

Stainless steel- round /rectangular

Question 16

Describe the stages of fixed appliance treatment

Answer 16

Anchorage control
Alignment/ levelling- nickel titanium 
Overbite reduction- ss
Overjet reduction-ss
Space closure -ss
Finishing and detailing - nickel titanium

Question 17

What auxiliaries are there to fixed appliances

Answer 17

Elastic bands
Springs
Palatal/ lingual arches
Headgear

Question 18

What is elastic traction used for?

Answer 18

Class 2 and 3 corrections

Question 19

What are temporary anchorage devices used for?

Answer 19

Anchorage

Distal movement

Question 20

What are the 6 keys to occlusion re. Finished result

Answer 20

Class 1 molars
No spaces
No rotations
Normal angular ion
Normal inclination
Flat occlusal plane

Question 21

What equipment is required re. Removal of appliances

Answer 21

Bracket removing forceps

Band removing forceps

Question 22

What types of retainers are available post tx

Answer 22

Removable- Hawley or pressure formed

Fixed- wire

Question 23

What problems can occur re. Fixed appliances

Answer 23

Periodontal destruction
Demineralisation/ caries
Gingivitis
Soft tissue trauma
Root resporption
Pulp death
Enamel fracture or tear out during de bond

Question 24

What emergency situations may arise re. Fixed appliances

Answer 24

Wire pokes
Bracket and band fall off
Elastomerics can be lost or clips open