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HCT > fixation > Flashcards

fixation Flashcards

1
Q

fixatives that chemically alter the tissue by bonding and linking with it

A

additive fixatives

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2
Q

fixatives - predominantly organic compounds - that act on tissues without chemically combining with it

A

non-additive fixatives

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3
Q

fixatives that allow solutions to penetrate the interior of the tissues readily

A

coagulant fixatives

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4
Q

fixatives that act by creating gel barriers that make it more difficult for solutions to penetrate tissues

A

non-coagulant fixatives

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5
Q

placing an already fixed tissue in a second fixative to act as mordant

A

secondary fixation

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6
Q

form of secondary fixation in which a tissue is placed in 2.5-3% potassium dichromate for 24 hours for better staining effects

A

post-chromatization

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7
Q

process of removing excess fixative after fixation to improve staining and remove artifacts

A

washing out

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8
Q

effect of temperature on fixation

A

increase in temperature accelerates fixation (but increases rate of autolysis)

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9
Q

fixation time for brain specimens

A

2-3 weeks

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10
Q

ideal ratio of fixative to specimen volume

A

20:1 (or 10:1)

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11
Q

interval between interruption of blood supply and the time the tissue is immersed in a fixative

A

cold ischemia time

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12
Q

maximum allowable cold ischemia time

A

60 minutes

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13
Q

duration of fixation for electron microscopy

A

3 hours

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14
Q

pH required for satisfactory fixation

A

pH 6-8

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15
Q

types of fixatives according to composition

A

simple and compound fixatives

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16
Q

types of fixatives according to action

A

microanatomical and cytological fixatives

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17
Q

type of fixatives made up of only one component substance

A

simple fixatives

18
Q

type of fixatives made up of two or more components to obtain optimal combined effect

A

compound fixatives

19
Q

type of fixatives that permit the general microscopic study of tissues without altering its structural patterns

A

microanatomical fixatives

20
Q

type of fixatives that preserve specific parts and particular microscopic elements of the cell itself

A

cytological fixatives

21
Q

cytological fixative that contains glacial acetic acid and has a pH of 4.6 or less

A

nuclear fixatives

22
Q

cytological fixative that should never contain glacial acetic acid and has a pH of more than 4.6

A

cytoplasmic fixatives

23
Q

cytological fixative that preserve the chemical constituents of cells and tissues

A

histochemical fixatives

24
Q

fixative that is both a nuclear and histochemical fixative

A

newcomer’s fluid

25
Q

these fixatives are satisfactory for routine paraffin sections, electron mx and when histochemical and enzyme studies are indicated

A

aldehyde fixatives

26
Q

fixative used for mailing specimen

A

formaldehyde (formalin)

27
Q

used to remove brown or black ppts by the action of formic acid in formaldehyde with blood

A

saturated picric acid

28
Q

best fixative for tissues containing iron pigments and elastic fibers

A

10% BNF

29
Q

rapid fixative that is used to fix sputum because it coagulates mucus

A

Gendre’s fixative (alcoholic formalin)

30
Q

fixative used to fix brain tissue for the diagnosis of rabies

A

Carnoy’s fluid

31
Q

fixative recommended for chromosomes, lymph glands and urgent biopsies

A

Carnoy’s fluid

32
Q

most rapid fixative; fixation time: 1-3 hours

A

Carnoy’s fluid

33
Q

fixative recommended for mucopolysaccharides and nuclear proteins

A

Newcomer’s fluid

34
Q

excellent microanatomical fixative for blood-containing organs

A

zenker’s-formol (Helly’s fluid)

35
Q

fixative recommended mainly for tumor biopsies

A

Heidenhain’s Susa

36
Q

fixative for the study of tissue necrosis and early degenerative processes

A

Orth’s fluid

37
Q

fixative that demonstrates rickettsiae and other bacteria

A

Orth’s fluid

38
Q

fixative recommended for fixation of embryos and pituitary biopsies

A

Bouin’s solution

39
Q

expensive and slow-penetrating fixative for special application in neurohistology and neuropathy

A

osmium trioxide

40
Q

fixative recommended for the study of water diffusible enzymes esp. phosphates and lipases

A

acetone

HCT (5 decks)

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