Five Presidents Flashcards
George Washington: Dates:
1789- 1797
George Washington
Define Whiskey Rebellion:
first rebellion under the US Constitution; Washington quickly put it down showing the power of the federal government
George Washington:
Define Rise of Political Parties:
Jefferson and the Democratic Republicans (small government, economy based on agriculture) VS. Hamilton and the Federalists (larger government, economy based on banking and trade)
George Washington:
Define Farewell Address:
Washington stepped down after two terms (set that presidential precedent) and warned of political parties and foreign entanglements in his farewell address
George Washington:
Define First Cabinet: Who were the first cabinet members?
Jefferson- Sec. of State; Knox- Sec. of War Hamilton- Sec. of the Treasury, and Randolph-Attorney General
George Washington:
Define Creation of National Bank (Alexander Hamilton):
created a national bank and banking system to help the country get rid of its debt from the Revolutionary War
John Adams Presidency: Dates
1797-1801
John Adams Presidency:
Define XYZ Affair
France sent low-level officials to meet with Adams’ diplomats, worsening the US and French relationship with each other; led to an unofficial war in the late 1790s
John Adams President
Define Alien and Sedition Acts:
Alien Acts: raised the number of years immigrants had to live in the US before citizenship to 14 (Anti-French law); Sedition Act: made it illegal to speak out against or criticize your government; these were very unpopular and coast John Adams re-election
Thomas Jefferson: Dates
1801-1809
Thomas Jefferson
Define Louisiana Purchase:
Jefferson purchased this territory from the French (Napoleon) in 1803, doubling the size of the US
Thomas Jefferson
Define Lewis and Clark:
explorers sent by Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Territory and find the Northwest passage to the Pacific Ocean
James Madison: Dates
1809-1817
James Madison
Define War of 1812:
war between the US and Great Britain over Britain’s impressment policies (often called the Second Revolutionary War)
James Madison
Define Battle of Fort McHenry (Star-Spangled Banner):
Major battle that the US won’ Francis Scott Key wrote the Star-Spangled Banner while watching this battle happen from a ship
James Madison
Define Battle of New Orleans:
major victory for the US; Andrew Jackson became a national war hero; battle happened AFTER the war was over, but word had not made it there yet
James Madison
Define Treaty of Ghent
treaty between the US and Great Britain ending the War of 1812; Great Britain agreed to give up influence in the Northwest Territory
James Monroe: Dates
1817-1825
James Monroe
Define Era of Good Feelings:
time period of peace and prosperity during the 1820s
James Monroe
Define Monroe Doctrine:
official US policy telling Europe that the Western Hemisphere is off-limits for trade and colonization
John Quincy Adams:
Dates
1825-1829
John Quincy Adams
Define Election of 1824 (Corrupt Bargain):
When no one reached the majority of Electoral College votes, Henry Clay and J.Q. Adams made an agreement that Clay would get Adams elected president by the House of Representatives if Adams made Clay his Sec. of State
John Quincy Adams
Define Universal Male Suffrage: what does that mean?
All white men were given the right to vote between the election of 1824 and 1828
Andrew Jackson: Dates
1829-1837
Andrew Jackson
Define Spoils System
the act of giving high level jobs to the supporters of a president
Andrew Jackson
National Bank: How did Jackson feel about a national bank? What did he use instead?
Jackson hated the bank and did not renew its charter; he used regional “pet banks” instead
Indian Relations:
Indian Removal Act: who was removed? Where did they have to go?
Cherokee and other tribes could be forced off their land if the US Government wanted to claim it
Indian relations
Define Trail of Tears
the path that the Cherokee nation took from Georgia to the Oklahoma Territory when they were forced from their land
Indian relations
Define Nullification Crisis of 1832:
South Carolina threatened to secede over the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832; tariffs protected the northern businesses and hurt southern states that relied on imports
What is sectionalism?
Putting the needs of your region/section of the country above the whole country
Industrial Revolution in the US:
What are the three parts of the American System?
1. Tariff of 1816
2. Roads/Canals
3.National Bank/Currency
Who created the American System?
Henry Clay
Inventions of the American Revolution:
telegraph, sewing machine steel plow, steam engine, steam boat
Expansion, Texas and War with Mexico
Manifest Destiny: what is it?
The belief that God wanted the US to spread from the Atlantic to the Pacific; used as justification for westward expansion and taking native lands
Expansion, Texas and War with Mexico
Define Mormon Migration:
westward movement of a group of Christians who were being persecuted
Who is the founder of Mormon Migration?
Brigham Young
Where did they settle? Mormon migration?
Salt Lake City, Utah
Texas Revolution: Dates 1835-1836
Define Stephen Austin-
early leader of the Texas Revolution whose arrest in Mexico City led to the revolution; died at the Battle of the Alamo
Texas Revolution: Dates 1835-1836
Define Sam Houston-
took over when Austin died; later became the President of Texas when Texas was a republic
Texas Revolution: Dates 1835-1836
Define Santa Ana-
leader of Mexico during the revolution
Define President James K Polk-
US president in the 1840 who favored expansionism; annexed Texas in 1845
Define Battle of the Alamo:
Major defeat in the Texas Revolution when Santa Ana’s army laid siege and took over the Alamo, killing almost all of the over 200 Texans there
Define Battle of San Jacinto:
Major victory for the Texans; battle cry of “remember the Alamo;” ended the Texas Revolution and Texas became independent
Define Texas Annexation of 1845:
President Polk (expansionist) wanted Texas as a state; immediately led to war with Mexico
Mexican-American War:dates
1846-1848
Define Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
ended the war making the new border the Rio Grande; greatly expanding US territory
Define What land did the US gain (which modern-day states)?
Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas, Colorado, Nevada, and Utah
Define What was the border between Mexico and the US?
Rio Grande
