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History Final Exam > American Revolution > Flashcards

American Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Proclamation of 1763:

A

After the French and Indian War, Great Britain set this line as a boundary for colonists/settlers around the Appalachian Mountains; not enforceable

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2
Q

French and Indian War:
​Who fought in it?

A

French/Native Americans vs Great Britain

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3
Q

French and Indian war
What were they fighting over?

A

Control of North America; especially the Ohio River Valley

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4
Q

French and Indian war
Who won?

A

Great Britain

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5
Q

How did this war lead to the American Revolution?

A

Great Britain went into debt because of the war and began to tax the colonists to pay the debt

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6
Q

Events leading to war
Tea Act:

A

allowed Great Britain to ship tea directly to colonies, cutting out colonial merchants; led to the Boston Tea Party

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7
Q

Events leading to war
Define Stamp Act:

A

direct tax on all legal documents, stamps, playing cards; led to many boycotts and protests in the colonies

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8
Q

Events to the war
Define Intolerable Acts:

A

after the Boston Tea Party, Parliament passed this law: closing Boston Harbor, allowing quartering of troops, taking away self-government in Massachusetts, and moving trials of British officials to be moved to Great Britain

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9
Q

Sons of Liberty:
Founder:

A

Samuel Adams

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10
Q

Sons of Liberty
Purpose:

A

political organization that wanted independence and used petitions, rallies, intimidation and propaganda

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11
Q

Boston Massacre:
What really happened?

A

A mob of Bostonians confronted British troops; soldiers fired on them killing 5 colonists

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12
Q

Boston massacre
Why is it significant?

A

Paul Revere and other Sons of Liberty used this to spread anti-British propaganda, convincing more people to support independence

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13
Q

Boston Tea Party:
​What happened?

A

Sons of Liberty snuck into Boston Harbor and dumped tea into as a form of protest against the Tea Act

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14
Q

Boston Party tea
Who did this?

A

Sons of Liberty

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15
Q

Boston tea party

What were they protesting?

A

Tea Act was hurting colonial merchants

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16
Q

Revolutionary War: explain the significance of each.
​battle of Lexington and Concord:

A

first shots of the war; “Shot heard ‘round the world”

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17
Q

Revolutionary War: explain the significance of each.
Define battle of Saratoga

A

turning point of the war

18
Q

Revolutionary War: explain the significance of each.
Define battle of Trenton:

A

major victory for the Continental Army; surprising and defeating the British/Hessians

19
Q

Revolutionary War: explain the significance of each.

Battle of Valley Forge:

A

where Washington’s army camped for the winter of 1777-1778; they faced harsh conditions but trained with Von Steuben and Marquis de Lafayette to become a well-trained army

20
Q

Revolutionary War: explain the significance of each.
Battle of Yorktown

A

the final battle of the Revolutionary War when Washington’s army and the French Navy surrounded the Cornwallis’ army; Cornwallis surrendered

21
Q

Revolutionary War: explain the significance of each.

Define General George Washington

A

commander of Continental Army

22
Q

Revolutionary War: explain the significance of each.

Define Lord Cornwallis

A

commander of British troops

23
Q

Revolutionary War: explain the significance of each

Define Marquis de Lafayette:

A

French nobleman that helped Washington train and fight in the Revolution; helped convince the French to send their Navy to aid the colonists

24
Q

Revolutionary War: explain the significance of each.

Define Baron Von Steuben:

A

Prussian military genius who helped Washington train his army

25
Q

Declaration of Independence:
What is it?

A

Document stating the reasons for independence and officially declaring the colonies independent from Great Britain

26
Q

Declaration of Independence:

Why was it written?

A

To justify independence

27
Q

Declaration of Independence
Who did they write it to?

A

King George III and Parliament

28
Q

Declaration of Independence
When was it signed?

A

July 4, 1776

29
Q

Articles of Confederation:
​What is it?

A

First US constitution written by the Second Continental Congress

30
Q

Articles of Confederation:

What were its weaknesses?

A

No executive or judicial branch, laws and amendments were too difficult to pass; Congress did not have the power to tax or regulate foreign/interstate trade; overall, the federal government was too weak

31
Q

Articles of Confederation:

What were its strengths?

A

Established peace with Great Britain and set up the process for western lands to apply for statehood

32
Q

Articles of Confederation:

Northwest Ordinance: what did it say?

A

Established the process for adding new states to the US; was a success and allowed for westward expansion

33
Q

Articles of Confederation:

Shays’ Rebellion: why did they rebel? Why is it significant?

A

Revolutionary War veterans were losing their farms to foreclosure; the government was unable to stop the rebellion for months, showing how weak the US government was

34
Q

US Constitution:
When and where was the convention?

A

May- Sept 1787

35
Q

US Constitution:

What was their original purpose?

A

To amend (fix) the Articles of Confederation

36
Q

US Constitution:

Define 3/5 Compromise:

A

settled the dispute between Northern and Southern states over whether slaves will be counted for taxation and representation purposes; decided 3/5 would be counted for both

37
Q

US Constitution:

Define Great Compromise:

A

settled the dispute over representation in Congress; Big states wanted representation based on population and small states wanted it equal; the compromise created a bicameral legislation; House of Representatives (population) and Senate (equal)

38
Q

Battle over ratification:

Define Federalists

A

in FAVOR of the Constitution

39
Q

Battle over ratification:

Define Anti-Federalists:

A

AGAINST the Constitution

40
Q

Bill of Rights:
​What are they?

A

Amendments 1-10 of the Constitution, giving people and the states powers/rights over the federal government

41
Q

Bill of Rights:

Which group wanted them included in the Constitution?

A

Anti-Federalists because they believed the Constitution created a federal government that was too strong.

History Final Exam (4 decks)

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