Fitzpatrick Pharm of Seizures & Epilepsy

Question 1

what kinds of seizures have a generalized onset?

Answer 1

absence, myotonic atonic clonic, and tonic/clonic

Question 2

what kinds of seizures have a partial onset?

Answer 2

tonic/clonic and simple/complex

Question 3

what are the broad spectrum AEDs?

Answer 3

valproate, lamotrigine, topirimate, levetiracetam, and zonisamide

Question 4

AED for absence seizure?

Answer 4

ethosuximide

Question 5

AED for myotonic atonic clonic?

Answer 5

Benzodiazepines*, clonazepam

Question 6

AED for tonic/clonic?

Answer 6

carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital

Question 7

AEDs for simple/complex?

Answer 7

gabapentin
pregabalin
oxcarbazepine
lacosamide
tiagabine
vigabatrin
ezogabin

Question 8

narrow spectrum AEDs antagonize excitation via what?

Answer 8

voltage gated Na channels

low-threshold (T type) Ca2+ channels

Question 9

broad spectrum AEDs antagonize excitation via?

Answer 9

ligand gated Na channels

ligand gated Ca channels

Question 10

for VGSC which gate opens first? closes first?

Answer 10

activation, inactivation closes first

Question 11

which gate is open during depolarization? hyper polarization?

Answer 11

both open, both closed

Question 12

How do anti-epileptic drugs/anti-convulsants blunt the abnormal electrical activity in seizures?

Answer 12

block Na entry