Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3/4 PE > fitness components > Flashcards

fitness components Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition of a health related component?

A

more important to overall health and participation in daily activities than to sporting ability.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the health related components?

A
  • aerobic power
  • muscular endurance
  • flexibility
  • body composition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the definition of a skill related component?

A

improve motor skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the two types of fitness components?

A

skill and health related

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is another name for a skill related component?

A

ability or performance components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the skill related components?

A
  • anaerobic capacity
  • muscular power
  • agility
  • speed
  • coordination
  • balance
  • reaction time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

is anaerobic capacity a skill or health related component?

A

skill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

is muscular power a skill or health related component?

A

skill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

is aerobic power a skill or health related component?

A

health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

is muscular endurance a skill or health related component?

A

health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

is flexibility a skill or health related component?

A

health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

is body composition a skill or health related component?

A

health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

is speed a skill or health related component?

A

skill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

is agility a skill or health related component?

A

skill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

is coordination a skill or health related component?

A

skill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

is balance a skill or health related component?

A

skill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

is reaction time a skill or health related component?

A

skill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the definition of aerobic power?

A

the rate of energy release by processes that depend on oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is aerobic power also known as?

A
  • aerobic fitness
  • aerobic capacity
  • cardiovascular/respiratory fitness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

factors affecting aerobic power?

A
  • concentration of oxidative enzymes
  • size and number of mitochondria
  • blood volume
  • cardiac output
  • blood flow to working muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

increased levels of aerobic power lead to…

A
  • stronger more efficient heart
  • healthy blood vessels
  • adequate levels of haemoglobin
  • fit respiratory
  • muscle capable of using oxygen delivered
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what kind of activities require aerobic power?

A

use large muscle groups for an extended period of time eg. marathon, 1500m swim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how can u test aerobic power?

A

VO2 MAX, beep and yo-yo test, PWC170 tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how is body composition divided?

A

into fat-free mass and fat-mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is fat-free mass?

A

includes bones, water, muscle and connective tissue, organs and teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is fat-mass?

A

includes both essential and non essential fat stores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

where is non essential fat-mass found?

A

in adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what are examples of body composition specific to sports?

A

field athletes have a higher body fat % than distance runners

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is a generally healthy body fat % for females?

A

16-25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is a generally healthy body fat % for males?

A

less than 20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is the definition of flexibility?

A

is the capacity of a joint to move through its full range of motion, and reflects the ability of the muscles and connective tissue to stretch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what are the two types of flexibility?

A

static and dynamic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is static flexibility?

A

refers to a joints range of motion under stationary conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what is dynamic flexibility?

A

refers to the resistance to motion in a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what factors affect flexibility?

A
  • joint structure
  • soft tissue structures
  • body and muscle temp
  • age
  • gender
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

how does joint structure affect flexibility?

A

the flexibility of a joint is determined by the type, different joints allow for different ranges of motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

how does soft tissue structures affect flexibility?

A

includes muscle, connective tissue within the muscle, tendons, ligaments and skin. Each provides resistance to movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

how does age affect flexibility?

A

declines with age due to loss of elasticity in the connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

how does gender affect flexibility?

A

the generally greater flexibility in females os linked to skeletal differences eg. wider hips and hormonal influences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what are fitness tests for muscular endurance?

A
  • timed situps
  • timed pushups
  • pull up tests
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what are fitness tests for flexibility?

A
  • modified sit and reach

- shoulder rotation tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

what are body composition tests?

A
  • BMI

- sum of skin folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

what are fitness tests for muscular power?

A
  • vertical jump
  • standing long jump
  • seated basketball throw
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

what are fitness tests for speed?

A
  • 35m spint

- 50m sprint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

what are fitness tests for agility?

A
  • illinois agility tests

- SEMO agility tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

what are fitness tests for balance?

A
  • stork stand balance test

- standing balance test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

what is a fitness test for coordination?

A

-alternate hand wall toss test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

what are fitness tests for anaerobic capacity?

A
  • phosphate recovery test
  • 300m shuttle run
  • 30sec wingate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

what are fitness tests for muscular strength?

A
  • handgrip dynamometer strength
  • 1RM bench press
  • 1RM leg press
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

what are the advantages of field testing?

A
  • large numbers
  • cheaper
  • more convenient
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

what are the disadvantages of field testing?

A

less accurate than lab results

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

what are the advantages of lab testing results?

A

more accurate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

what are the disadvantages of lab testing?

A
  • expensive

- need knowledge to perform the tests and interpret results

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

what type of athlete would use lab testing?

A

elite athletes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

would elite athletes use max or submax testing?

A

max

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

what intensity is max testing performed till?

A

till exhaustion, max effort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

what type of person would use submax fitness testing?

A

someone who is getting back into fitness after an extensive period of time, identify health risks

58
Q

what is a submax test performed until?

A

participant reaches a certain heart rate

59
Q

what is the difference between a direct and indirect fitness assessment?

A

direct directly relates to a fitness component and gives specific results whereas indirect results are more predictions based on comparison to norms

60
Q

what is an isometric muscle contraction?

A

are static, meaning there is no change in muscle length

61
Q

what is an isoinertial muscle contraction?

A

when a whole muscle action produces movement of the skeleton, by shortening or lengthening of the muscle

62
Q

what are the two types of isoinertial muscle contractions?

A

concentric and eccentric

63
Q

what is a concentric muscle contraction?

A

muscle produces tension while shortening

64
Q

what is an eccentric muscle contraction?

A

muscle produces tension while lengthening

65
Q

what is an example of a concentric movement?

A

the lifting phase of a bicep curl

66
Q

what is an example of an eccentric movement?

A

the lowering phase of a bicep curl

67
Q

what is an example of an isometric muscle action?

A

holding a crucifix position on the rings in gymnastics

68
Q

what happens during an isokinetic muscle action?

A

tension developed in the muscle is maximal throughout the whole range of motion, and the velocity of the lengthening and shortening of the muscle is kept constant

69
Q

what type of equipment is required to perform an isokinetic muscle action?

A

specialist equipment such as a cybex machine

70
Q

what is muscular strength?

A

the maximal force that can be generated by a muscle or group in one maximal effort

71
Q

how does muscle fibre arrangements affect muscular strength?

A

the greater the cross sectional area of the muscle, the greater the strength

72
Q

which types of muscle fibre arrangements are designed for strength?

A
  • unipennate
  • multipennate
  • bipennate
73
Q

what type of muscle fibre arrangement is designed for speed?

A

fusiform, where fibres run parallel to the long axis of the muscle eg. bicep

74
Q

what are the two types of muscle fibres?

A

fast and slow twitch fibres

75
Q

which muscle fibre type generates stronger and faster contractions?

A

fast twitch fibres

76
Q

why do fast twitch fibres generate stronger contractions?

A

greater cross sectional area

77
Q

which fibre type is preferential for high intensity or force requiring activity?

A

fast twitch fibres

78
Q

which fibre type is preferential for low intensity, endurance activity?

A

slow twitch fibres

79
Q

what is the age of a person’s peak strength?

A

25-30

80
Q

what happens to strength during ages 30 till 45/50?

A

it plateaus

81
Q

what happens to muscular strength after 45-50years?

A

decreases

82
Q

what is muscular endurance?

A

the ability for a muscle or group to perform repeated contractions for an extended period of time or maintain an isometric contraction

83
Q

what factors affect muscular endurance?

A
  • fatigue

- fibre type

84
Q

how does fatigue affect muscular endurance?

A

a muscle that has high levels of endurance must have reduced levels of fatigue

85
Q

what is anaerobic capacity?

A

the capacity of the anaerobic systems to provide energy for muscular contractions

86
Q

what is the difference between anaerobic capacity and power?

A

anaerobic capacity refers to total amount of work that can be done by systems, while power refers to how quickly the work can be done

87
Q

what is muscular power?

A

the ability to exert a force rapidly, over a short period of time

88
Q

what is the equation for power?

A

force x velocity

89
Q

what are examples of activities that require muscular power?

A
  • long jump
  • high jump
  • shot put
  • discus
  • rebound
90
Q

what is speed?

A

the rate of motion, how fast you can move your body or body part from one point to another

91
Q

what is agility?

A

the ability to change direction rapidly and accurately

92
Q

what is coordination?

A

may involve the control of body parts to complete a sequence of movements or an external object eg. ball

93
Q

what is balance?

A

maintaining equilibrium while external forces are acting on the body, must be constantly opposed by internal forces (muscular contractions)

94
Q

what is reaction time?

A

the time it takes the body to react to an external stimulus

95
Q

what are some ways activity can be analysed?

A
  • energy system contributions
  • major fitness components
  • movement patterns
  • fatigue factors
  • skill frequency
  • muscle groups
  • work to rest ratio
  • heart rate
96
Q

what are the advantages of direct viewing?

A
  • immediate changes can be made
  • player fatigue can be viewed and counteracted by bench replacements
  • position rotation
97
Q

what are the disadvantages of direct viewing?

A
  • subjective
  • no way of showing players how they performed
  • no reference for future performance
  • relies on memory
  • pace may be too fast
  • multiple players and large distances
98
Q

what are the advantages of direct viewing and statistical recording?

A
  • discuss performance more objectively

- data can be stored and referred to in future

99
Q

what are the disadvantages of direct viewing and stats?

A
  • training required for viewer
  • hard to view and record
  • labour intensive
100
Q

what are the advantages of digital recording?

A

-data can be saved and easily accessible

101
Q

what are the disadvantages of digital recording?

A
  • expensive

- technical expertise often needed

102
Q

what are the advantages of heart rate monitoring?

A
  • relatively cheap
  • unobtrusive, doesn’t interfere with performance
  • accurate collection of player intensity
103
Q

what are the disadvantages of heart rate monitoring?

A
  • waterproof can be expensive

- data may need to be downloaded after

104
Q

what are the advantages of a GPS?

A
  • combines movement patterns with intensity
  • identifies players fatiguing
  • can be used in field
105
Q

what are the disadvantages of using a GPS?

A
  • some models can be uncomfortable

- numbers may be limited

106
Q

what are the advantages of filming, aerial sports analysis?

A
  • every player visible
  • off ball tactics observed
  • increased spectator understanding
  • third decision referee calls
107
Q

what are the disadvantages of filming, aerial sports analysis?

A
  • expensive

- requires many operators

108
Q

what should fitness testing encourage?

A
  • recognise barriers and enablers
  • recognise participants with disability etc. may require modification
  • accept performance levels are different
109
Q

what is commitment affected by?

A
  • motivation
  • sociocultural factors
  • environment
110
Q

what are the most common settings for fitness testing?

A
  • schools
  • sporting clubs
  • elite sportspeople/ teams
111
Q

why is the way tests are conducted important?

A

could have serious long term consequences for an individual, particularly if their experience is negative, this can discourage them from future participation in physical activity

112
Q

what are some important questions to ask before fitness tests are undertaken?

A
  • is it culturally acceptable?
  • how will poor results affect?
  • confidentiality
  • is participation voluntary?
  • safety
113
Q

what is an example of a measure to assess the safety of an individual before undertaking a fitness test?

A

may include pre-participation health screening such as PAR-Q

114
Q

what can fitness tests determine and what are the purposes?

A
  • strengths/ weaknesses
  • establish a baseline
  • mental toughness
  • motivation
  • determine team positions
  • predict potential
  • assess cardiovascular risk
  • selection criteria
115
Q

what are the benefits of determining strengths/ weaknesses?

A

specific training programs can be designed to improve weaknesses

116
Q

how are strengths and weaknesses determined after undertaking testing?

A

usually compared to a set of normative or criterion reference results

117
Q

what are the benefits of establishing a baseline?

A

can be compared against future performance to see progression

118
Q

how can mental toughness be tested?

A

maximal tests such as VO2MAX which requires participant to push through desire to slow down or stop. this is designed to assess psychological strength when physical pressure is exerted

119
Q

how does fitness testing motivate?

A

performer may be more invested in a training program if they know there will be a retesting, can also use to set goals

120
Q

how can fitness testing help to determine team positions?

A

if someone performers well or badly in a certain test this could result in a changing of positions to one which is more suitable

121
Q

how can fitness testing determine potential?

A

can help predict potential of future performers

122
Q

how can fitness testing help assess cardiovascular risk?

A

can assess through body composition testing

123
Q

how can fitness testing be used as selection criteria?

A

for jobs etc. which have certain physical demands such as the police force

124
Q

what does PAR-Q stand for?

A

Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire

125
Q

what are protocols?

A

rules or procedures associated with fitness testing

126
Q

what are some protocols when assessing fitness?

A
  • validity
  • reliability
  • accuracy
  • informed consent
127
Q

what is informed consent?

A

a process designed to minimise the risk of harm to both performer and test administrator

128
Q

why is validity important when fitness testing?

A

to see if the test is measuring what it claims

129
Q

why is reliability important when fitness testing?

A

must produce consistent results

130
Q

how can reliability be increased?

A
  • same time of day
  • same warmup
  • similar environmental conditions
  • performer is well rested
  • same equipment
  • similar nutrition and hydration levels
131
Q

why is accuracy important when fitness testing?

A

to increase reliability testing needs to be accurate

132
Q

what are two ways results can be compared?

A

normative or criterion based tests

133
Q

what is normative data?

A

represents the distribution of results of a particular reference group. Based on percentiles, where a performers results are compared to a group

134
Q

what is a criterion based test?

A

standards such as BMI, waist circumference or blood pressure readings rather than a rating

135
Q

what equipment can a VO2MAX test be conducted on?

A

treadmill, bicycle ergometer, rowing ergometer or swimming plume

136
Q

what is the purpose of a VO2MAX test?

A

analyses gas to test oxygen utilisation

137
Q

what are the advantages of a VO2MAX test?

A
  • max HR can be determined
  • determine LIP
  • training programs using hR training zones can be accurately tailored to performer
138
Q

what are the disadvantages of VO2MAX testing?

A
  • requires trained professionals
  • labour intensive
  • expensive
  • one person at a time
139
Q

what type of athletes would use VO2MAX testing?

A

elite

140
Q

what are the advantages of the beep test?

A
  • correlation with VO2MAX test
  • large numbers of participants
  • cost effective
141
Q

what is the beep test?

A

is a 20m shuttle run which gradually increases speed while decreasing time between beeps as each level progresses

142
Q

what is a disadvantage of the beep test?

A

while accurate it is still only a prediction

3/4 PE (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions