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3/4 PE > Characteristics Of Skills And Stages Of Learning > Flashcards

Characteristics Of Skills And Stages Of Learning Flashcards

1
Q

What is a skill?

A

The ability to do something well

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2
Q

What skills are focused on during sport?

A

Motor skills

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3
Q

What is a motor skill?

A

A voluntary goal activity learnt through practice and experience. Requires movement of the body or limbs to achieve the goal.

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4
Q

How are movement skills categorised?

A
  • movement precision
  • type of movement
  • predictability of the environment
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5
Q

How does classifying skills based on their characteristics assist in sport?

A

Helps coaches to assess performance, plan skill development, provide appropriate feedback

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6
Q

What are the two types of movement precision?

A
  • gross

- fine

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7
Q

What is a gross motor skill?

A

Involves the recruitment of large muscle groups. There is less emphasis on precision

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8
Q

What are examples of gross motor skills?

A

Running, swimming, jumping

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9
Q

What is a fine motor skill?

A

Involve the recruitment of smaller muscle groups with more emphasis on precision.

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10
Q

What are examples of fine motor skills?

A

Bouncing ball before tennis serve, the precise finger and hand movement when throwing a dart

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11
Q

What are the different types of movement?

A
  • discrete motor skills
  • serial motor skills
  • continuous motor skills
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12
Q

What is a discrete motor skill?

A

Have an obvious beginning and end

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13
Q

What are examples of a discrete motor skill?

A

Kicking a ball, netball pass

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14
Q

What is a serial motor skill?

A

Several discrete skills are performed in a sequence

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15
Q

What is an example of a serial motor skill?

A

A gymnastics floor routine o

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16
Q

What is a continuous motor skill?

A

Has no definitive beginning or end point

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17
Q

What are examples of a continuous motor skill?

A

Walking, running, swimming

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18
Q

What is a closed motor skill?

A

The performer has the greatest control over the performance environment.

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19
Q

What are examples of external factors that can influence the predictability of an environment?

A
  • weather
  • playing surface
  • opposition
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20
Q

What is an example of a closed motor skill?

A

Indoor individual diving routine

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21
Q

What is an open motor skill?

A

Conditions are constantly changing and the performer has limited control over their environment.

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22
Q

What is an ex map,e of an open motor skill?

A

White water kayaking

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23
Q

What are fundamental movement skills?

A

Are the foundation skills that provide the basis for the development of sport specific movement skills.

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24
Q

What are the fundamental movement skills classified as?

A
  • stability (balanced and body control)
  • locomotor skills (movement through space)
  • manipulative skills ( control of object)
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25
Q

What are examples of locomotive fundamental skills?

A

Jumping, walking, running

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26
Q

What are examples of manipulative fundamental skills?

A

Throwing, catching, striking, kicking

27
Q

What can happen if people don’t develop fundamental movement skills at a young age?

A

Less likely to participate in structured sport in later life

28
Q

What are the three stages of the skill learning continuum?

A
  • cognitive
  • associative
  • autonomous
29
Q

What happens in the cognitive stage?

A

The beginner is mentally trying to comprehend the movement requirements of the motor skill

30
Q

Are people in the cognitive stage able to self correct errors?

A

No

31
Q

Is improvement rapid or gradual in the cognitive stage?

A

Rapid

32
Q

What is the autonomous stage of learning?

A

The skill is largely automatic, allowing the performer to focus on external factors

33
Q

Can people in the autonomous stage detect and correct errors?

A

Yes

34
Q

What is the associative stage?

A

The performer is beginning to refine their technique/ movement pattern. They are more consistent with fewer errors

35
Q

Are improvements during the associative stage rapid or gradual?

A

More gradual

36
Q

What type of practice, whole or part is more useful for beginners?

A

Part as it can be broken into segments

37
Q

What is task organisation?

A

Refers to how dependent each segment is on the previous

38
Q

What is practice distribution?

A

The scheduling of practice sessions

39
Q

What is distributed practice?

A

Involves shorter but more frequent training sessions

40
Q

What type of practice distribution is more frequently used by professional athletes?

A

Distributed practice

41
Q

What is massed practice?

A

Involves less frequent training sessions that last for longer periods of time

42
Q

Are rest intervals shorter or longer in massed practice compared to distributed?

A

Shorter

43
Q

Which type of practice distribution is adopted by most non professional sporting teams?

A

Massed practice

44
Q

What is more effective massed or distributed practice?

A

Distributed

45
Q

What is blocked practice?

A

Involves practicing the same skill continuously without changing to a different task

46
Q

Is blocked or random practice more suitable for beginners?

A

Blocked

47
Q

What is random practice?

A

The varied sequencing of different motor skills in the same training session.

48
Q

What stages of learning benefit most from random practice?

A

Associative and autonomous

49
Q

What is transfer of practice?

A

Practice that closely resembles the game will result in greater transfer of skills from training to game

50
Q

What are the two types of feedback?

A

Intrinsic (internal) or augmented (external)

51
Q

What is intrinsic feedback?

A

Performers use their own senses to assess performance

52
Q

What are different ways athletes can assess instrinsically?

A

Visual, auditory, proprioception or touch

53
Q

What is augmented feedback?

A

External feedback

54
Q

If feedback occurs during performance it is known as…

A

Concurrent

55
Q

If feedback is given after the performance it is known as…

A

Terminal

56
Q

What is knowledge of results?

A

Specific feedback about the outcome of the task

57
Q

What is knowledge of performance?

A

Related to the characteristics of performing a task as opposed to the outcome

58
Q

What are the three purposes of external feedback?

A
  • fix errors
  • motivation through feedback shows progress
  • positive reinforcement
59
Q

What are the different types of constraints?

A
  • individual
  • environmental
  • social/ cultural
60
Q

What are examples of individual constraints?

A

Body size, technical skills, body strength

61
Q

What are examples of environmental constraints?

A

Access to facilities, weather, access to coaches

62
Q

What are examples of social/ cultural constraints?

A

Peer group/ family expectations, cultural expectations

63
Q

What are examples of constraints that can be placed on a training session?

A
  • size of field
  • number of players
  • rules of the sport

3/4 PE (7 decks)

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