Fish and Fishing

Question 1

Vertebral Column

Answer 1

a series of approximately 33 bones called vertebrae, which are separated by intervertebral discs. The column can be divided into five different regions, with each region characterised by a different vertebral structure.

Question 2

Neural crest

Answer 2

a transient embryonic structure in vertebrates that gives rise to most of the peripheral nervous system and to several non-neural cell types, including smooth muscle cells of the cardiovascular system, pigment cells in the skin, and craniofacial bones, cartilage, and connective tissue.

Question 3

Fin

Answer 3

A fin is a thin component or appendage attached to a larger body or structure.

Question 4

Scale

Answer 4

each of the small, thin horny or bony plates protecting the skin of fish and reptiles, typically overlapping one another

Question 5

Operculum

Answer 5

a series of bones found in bony fish that serves as a facial support structure and a protective covering for the gills; it is also used for respiration and feeding

Question 6

Atrium

Answer 6

each of the two upper cavities of the heart from which blood is passed to the ventricles

Question 7

Ventricle

Answer 7

each of the two main chambers of the heart, left and right.

each of the four connected fluid-filled cavities in the center of the brain

Question 8

Nephron

Answer 8

each of the functional units in the kidney, consisting of a glomerulus and its associated tubule, through which the glomerular filtrate passes before emerging as urine.

Question 9

Lateral line

Answer 9

a visible line along the side of a fish consisting of a series of sense organs that detect pressure and vibration

Question 10

Spawning

Answer 10

release or deposit eggs

Question 11

Swim bladder

Answer 11

a gas-filled sac present in the body of many bony fishes, used to maintain and control buoyancy.

Question 12

Jawless fish

Answer 12

Jaws are absent.
Paired fins are generally absent.
Early species had heavy bony scales and plates in their skin, but these are not present in living species.
In most cases the skeleton is cartilaginous.
The embryonic notochord persists in the adult.
Seven or more paired gill pouches are present.

Question 13

Cartilaginous fish

Answer 13

Paired fins.
Paired nostrils.
Scales.
Two-chambered hearts.
Skeletons made of cartilage rather than bone. Cartilage is supportive tissue that does not have as much calcium as bones, which makes bones rigid. Cartilage is softer and more flexible than bone.

Question 14

Bony fish

Answer 14

Bony fish are members of the class osteichthyes, and are defined by their calcified skeleton, hinged jaw, gill arches, gill filaments, and gill rakers. They also have an operculum for pumping water across the gills and swim bladders to control buoyancy, as well as mucous-lined scales

Question 15

Bowfin/Dogfish

Answer 15

has flat head with tube-like nostrils and strong jaws filled with sharp, cone-shaped teeth. Unlike other species of fish, bowfin uses gas-bladder to maintain buoyancy and to facilitate breathing of the fresh air

Question 16

Brown Bullhead

Answer 16

grows to be approximately 21 inches in length and is darker brown green dorsally growing lighter green and yellow towards the ventral surface

Question 17

brown trout

Answer 17

lacustris reaches an average length of 40–80 cm (16–31 in) with a maximum length of 140 cm (55 in) and about 60 pounds (27 kg). The spawning behaviour of brown trout is similar to that of the closely related Atlantic salmon.

Question 18

Eelpouts

Answer 18

Eelpouts are thick-lipped, eel-shaped fishes with the dorsal and anal fins connected around the end of the tail and with small pelvic fins that, if present, are near the gills. They live on the bottom and range from shallow to deep water.

Question 19

Channel Catfish

Answer 19

A catfish is easily distinguished from other species of fish because of their smooth, scaleless bodies. The channel catfish is olive to light blue in color with black speckles on the sides, has a forked tail, whisker-like organs around the mouth, a broad flat head, and a slender body.

Question 20

Common Carp

Answer 20

Family. Minnows (Cyprinidae)
Body. Mouth and Snout: Subterminal with 2 obvious barbels on each side. …
Fins. Elongated dorsal fin with 15-23 rays. …
Distinguishing Characteristics. Carp have large scales, a long dorsal fin with a serrated spine, and 15-23 soft rays

Question 21

Crappie

Answer 21

are most accurately identified by the seven or eight spines on its dorsal fin. Crappies have a deep and laterally compressed body. They are usually silvery-gray to green in color and show irregular or mottled black splotches over the entire body. Both black and white crappies

Question 22

Flathead Catfish

Answer 22

it looks like any other catfish: it has smooth, scaleless skin, whisker-like barbels around the mouth, and long spines on the dorsal (back) fin and one on each side of the pectoral (shoulder) fin.

Question 23

Lake Sturgeon

Answer 23

can be huge, topping six feet (two meters) long and weighing nearly 200 pounds (90 kilograms). They are also extremely long-lived.

Question 24

Lake Trout

Answer 24

Family: Salmonids – Salmonidae.
Similar species: arctic char, brook trout.
Size: In lake Inari usually 40–80 cm, 0.7–2 kg, max. …
Appearance: Somewhat more angular in appearance than other Finnish members of the genus Salvelinus (chars). …
Colouring: Sides usually dark brown, sometimes greenish or dark grey, almost black.

Question 25

Largemouth Bass

Answer 25

a female bass is larger than a male. The largemouth is the largest of the black basses, reaching a maximum recorded overall length of 29.5 in (75 cm) and a maximum unofficial weight of 25 pounds 1 ounce (11.4 kg). The fish lives 16 years on average.

Question 26

Long-nose Gar

Answer 26

has a long and cylindrical body, and is covered with diamond-shape hard non-overlapping scales. Longnose gars have long, narrow snouts more than twice as long as the rest of the head and they have abundant, sharp, needle like teeth. The longnose gar is olive brown in color on their back with a white belly

Question 27

muskellunge

Answer 27

Family. Pikes (Esocidae)
Body. Mouth and snout: Duck-billed snout with terminal mouth; numerous conspicuous teeth in jaws. …
Fins. Tail, dorsal and other fins: Forked tail. …
Distinguishing Characteristics. See similar species information.
Breeding Adults. Similar to non-breeders

Question 28

Northern Pike

Answer 28

is shaped roughly like a cigar, with a drawn-out but relatively stocky body. Its single dorsal fin is set well back on the body, close to the rounded tail. Below, the pike has proportionately small, gently-contoured pectoral and pelvic fins, and an anal fin opposing the dorsal.

Question 29

rainbow trout

Answer 29

have a pinkish band running the length of their body, and a silver underside that fades to pearl white. And there are also some small black spots on their back, fins and tail. Rainbow trout fish have small scales over their body. They have fleshy adipose fin on the back behind the dorsal fin.

Question 30

Sauger

Answer 30

are usually less than 3 pounds and 18 inches in length. Gray or brown on their backs, sauger have an orangy metallic sheen on their sides, light undersides, and black spots. Saddle-like markings on body, black dots on the dorsal (back) fin, large glossy eyes, and sharp teeth.

Question 31

sheepshead

Answer 31

coastal habitats around rock pilings, jetties, mangroves, reefs and piers, they can grow up to around 91 cm in length and weigh up to 9.6 kg. They have five to seven distinctive black, vertical bars running down their silvery bodies, which is why the sheepshead is also called the convict fish.

Question 32

Smallmouth Bass

Answer 32

is generally brown, appearing sometimes as black or green (seldom yellow) with red eyes, and dark brown vertical bands, rather than a horizontal band along the side. There are 13–15 soft rays in the dorsal fin. The upper jaw of smallmouth bass extends to the middle of the eye

Question 33

Smelt

Answer 33

usually grow to about 20 cm (7.9 in) long, although some species can reach 70 cm (28 in). Smelts are a food source for many fish, including salmon, striped bass, and lake trout. Like salmon, many species are anadromous, living most of their lives in the sea, but traveling into fresh water to breed.

Question 34

Sunfish

Answer 34

or common mola (Mola mola) is the heaviest known bony fish in the world. Adults typically weigh between 247 and 1,000 kg (545–2,205 lb). The species is native to tropical and temperate waters around the globe. It resembles a fish head with a tail, and its main body is flattened laterally.

Question 35

Walleye

Answer 35

perciform or perch-like fish. A characteristic of these fish is a dorsal fin (the fin on the top or back of the fish) that is divided into two parts. The anterior or front part is spiny and the posterior or rear part is soft. Walleye have a dark green back, golden yellow sides and a white belly.

Question 36

White Sucker

Answer 36

are a bottom-feeding fish with the downturned snout characteristic of other suckers. Their mouth is round and rimmed with thick lips. They have a streamlined body with a single, flat dorsal fin, and a tail fin with a strong indent

Question 37

Yellow Bullhead

Answer 37

usually black to yellowish brown, with a white or yellow belly. Fins darkly pigmented. No scales. Body shape and size: Body dorsal-ventrally flattened with a rounded head; in cross section approximately oval (with a long horizontal axis) to round with a flattened ventral surface.

Question 38

yellow perch

Answer 38

is often recognized by its dark vertical stripes and gold or yellow body color. Perca is derived from early Greek for “perch” and flavescens is Latin for “becoming gold” or “yellow colored”. Adult sizes typically range from 3.9–11.4 in (10–30 cm); though have been known to grow larger.