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ABSITE > Fiser Chapter 6 ANTIBIOTICS > Flashcards

Fiser Chapter 6 ANTIBIOTICS Flashcards

1
Q

Betadine

A

An iodophor
Good for GPCs and GNRs
Not for fungi

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2
Q

Chlorhexidine gluconate

A

e.g. Hibiclens

Good for GPCs, GNRs, and fungi

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3
Q

Quinolone MoA

A

DNA gyrase/helicase inhibitors

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4
Q

Rifampin MoA

A

RNA polymerase inhibitor

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5
Q

PCN MoA

A

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor

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6
Q

Vanc MoA

A

cell wall synthesis inhibitor

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7
Q

Cephalosporin MoA

A

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor

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8
Q

Carbapenem MoA

A

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor

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9
Q

Monobactam (aztreonam) MoA

A

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor

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10
Q

Tetracycline MoA

A

30s ribosome and protein synthesis inhibitor

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11
Q

Aminoglycoside MoA

A

e.g. Tobramycin, Gentamicin

30s ribosome and protein synthesis inhibitor

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12
Q

Linezolid MoA

A

30s ribosome and protein synthesis inhibitor

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13
Q

Erythromycin MoA

A

50s ribosome and protein synthesis inhibitor

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14
Q

Clindamycin MoA

A

50s ribosome and protein synthesis inhibitor

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15
Q

Synercid MoA

A

50s ribosome and protein synthesis inhibitor

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16
Q

Metronidzole MoA

A

Free radicals break DNA

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17
Q

Sulfa MoA

A

PABA analogue, inhibits purine synthesis

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18
Q

Trimethoprim MoA

A

DHFR inhibitor, inhibits purine synthesis

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19
Q

Most common method of abx resistance

A

Transfer of plasmids

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20
Q

PCN resistance

A

beta-lactamase plasmids

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21
Q

MRSA resistance

A

cell wall binding protein mutation PBP2a

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22
Q

Gentamicin resistance

A

Modifying enzymes cause decreased active transport of gentamicin into bacteria

23
Q

PCN spectrum

A

Strep, syphilis, N meningitis, C perfringens, GAS, anthrax

Gap: staph and enterococcus

24
Q

Oxacillin and nafcillin spectrum

A

Staph only: “anti-staph penicillins”

25
Q

Ampicillin and amoxicillin spectrum

A

strep, syphilis, N meningitides, C perfringens, GAS, anthrax, +enterococcus
Gap: staph

26
Q

Unasyn (amp/sulbactam) and Augmentin (amox/clav) spectrum

A

GPCs (staph and strep), GNRs, +/- anaerobes, enterococcus

Gap: PAS pseudomonas, acinetobacter, serratia

27
Q

Ticarcillin and piperacillin spectrum

A

GNRs (pseudomonas, enterics, acinetobacter, serratia)

Side effect: inhibits platelets, high salt load

28
Q

Timentin (ticarcillin/clav) and Zosyn (pip/sulbactam) spectrum

A

Broad spectrum: GPCs (staph and strep), GNRs, anaerobes, enterococci, PAS pseudomonas, acinetobacter, serratioa
Side effect: inhibits platelets, high salt load

29
Q

Cefazolin, cephalexin (1st gen cephalo) spectrum

A

GPCs (staph and strep)
Gap: no cephalo for an enterococcus; no CNS
Cefazolin longest t1/2 so good for ppx

30
Q

Cefoxitin, cefotetan, cefuroxime (2nd gen cephalo) spectrum

A

GPCs, GNRs, +/- anaerobe, los some staph
Gap: enterococcus and CNS
Cefotetan longest t1/2 so good for ppx

31
Q

Ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefepime, cefotaxime (3rd gen cephalo)

A

GNRs mostly including PAS pseudomonas, acinetobacter, serratia, +/- anaerobes
Gap: enterococcus
Side effects: cholestasis, sludge

32
Q

Aztreonam (monobactam) spectrum

A

GNRs; PAS pseudomonas, acinetobacter, serratia

33
Q

Carbapenems with cilastatin spectrum

A

GPC, GNR, anaerobes
Gap: MEP MRSA, enterococcus, proteus
Cilastin prevents renal hydrolysis and increases t1/2
Side effect: seizures

34
Q

Bactrim spectrum

A

GNRs, +/- GPCs
Gap: enterococcus, PAS
Side effects: teratogenic, allergic rxn, renal damage, SJS (EM), hemolysis in G6PD def

35
Q

Cipro, levo, norflox (quinolone) spectrum

A

Mostly GNRs, PAS, some GPCs

Gap: enterococcus

36
Q

Gentamicin, Tobramycin (aminoglycosides)

A

GNRs, PAS
Gap: anaerobes (need O2)
Amp/gen: synergy for enterococcus; beta lactams facilitate penetration
Side effects: reversible nephrotoxicity, irreversible ototoxicity

37
Q

Erythromycin (macrolide) spectrum

A

GPCs, CAP and atypical PNA
Side effect: nausea and cholestasis
Prokinetic: binds motilin receptor

38
Q

Vancomycin (a glycopeptide) spectrum

A

GPCs, enterococcus, C diff if PO, MRSA

Side effects: HTN, redman (histamine), nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

39
Q

Vanc resistance mechanism

A

Change in cell-wall binding protein

40
Q

Synercid (streptogramin) aka quinupristin-dalfopristin spectrum

A

GPCs, MRSA, VRE

41
Q

Linezolid (oxazolidinone) spectrum

A

GPCs, MRSA, VRE

42
Q

Tetracycline spectrum

A

GPCs, GNRs, syphilis

Side effects: tooth discoloration in kids

43
Q

Clindamycin spectrum

A

anaerobes, some GPCs

44
Q

Metronidazole spectrum

A

anaerobes

Side effects: disulfiram-like reaction, peripheral neuropathy with longterm use

45
Q

Amphotericin MoA, side effects

A

Binds sterols in wall and alters membrane permeability
Side effects: nephrotoxic
Liposomal has fewer side effects
Use for all fungal sepsis except candida (anidulafungin) and aspergillus (voriconazole)

46
Q

Voriconazole and itraconazole MoA

A

Inhibit ergosterol synthesis

Invasive aspergillosis

47
Q

Anidulafungin (eraxis)

A

Inhibits cell wall glucan synthesis

Candidemia

48
Q

Isoniazid MoA and side effects

A

Inhibits mycolic acids (give with pyridoxine)

Side effects: Hepatotoxicity, B6 deficiency

49
Q

Rifampin MoA and side effects

A

Inhibits RNA polymerase

Side effects: Revs up 450; hepatotoxicity, GI symptoms, high rate of resistance

50
Q

Acyclovir MoA and use

A

Inhibits viral DNA polymerase

HSV and EBV

51
Q

Ganciclovir MoA, use, side effect

A

inhibits viral DNA polymerase
CMV
Side effects: decreased bone marrow, CNS toxicity

52
Q

Enterococcus treatment

A

Vancomyin
Timentin/zosyn
Ampicillin/amoxicillin
Gentamycin/ampicillin

53
Q

Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Serratia tx

A 
Ticarcillin/piperacillin
Timentin/zosyn
Third gen cephalosporins
Aminoglycosides (gentamicin and tobramycin)
Meropenem/imipenem
Fluoroquinolones

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