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ABSITE > Fiser Chapter 28 GUT HORMONES > Flashcards

Fiser Chapter 28 GUT HORMONES Flashcards

1
Q

What cells produce:

  1. Gastrin
  2. Somatostatin
  3. CCK
  4. Secrein
  5. VIP
  6. Glucagon
  7. Insulin
  8. Pancreatic polypeptide
  9. Motilin
  10. Bombesin
A
  1. Gastrin: antral G cells
  2. Somatostain: antral D cells
  3. CCK: duodenal I cells
  4. Secretin: duodenal S cells
  5. VIP: gut and panc
  6. Glucagon: pancreas alpha cells
  7. Insulin: pancreas beta cells
  8. Pancreatic polypeptide: pancreas islet cells
  9. Motilin: intestinal cells
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2
Q

What stimulates and inhibits gastric release from antral G cells?

A

Stimulated by: amino acids, vagal input (ACh), Calcium, EtOH, Antral distension, pH > 3.0

Inhibits: pH<3.0, somatostain, secretin, CCK

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3
Q

Gastrin does what?

A

Acts on parietal and chief cells to increase HCL, IF, and pepsinogen activation

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4
Q

Omeprazole MoA

A

Blocks H/K ATPase of parietal cell (final pathway for H+ release)

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5
Q

What stimulates somatostatin release from antral D cells?

A

Acid in duodenum

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6
Q

What is the response to somatostatin?

A

Inhibits gastrin and HCL release

Inhibits release of insulin, glucagon, secretin, motilin

Decreases pancreatic and biliary output

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7
Q

What can be used to decrease pancreatic fistula output?

A

Ocreotide

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8
Q

What stimulates CCK release from duodenal I cells?

A

Amino acids and fatty acid chains

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9
Q

What is the response to CCK?

A

Gallbladder contraction, sphincter of Oddi relaxation, and pancreatic enzyme secretion

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10
Q

What stimulates and inhibits secretin release from duodenal S cells?

A

Stimulated by: fat, bile, pH<4.0

Inhibited by pH>4.0 and gastrin

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11
Q

What is the response to secretin?

A

Pancreatic bicarb release (decreased in chronic pancreatitis and end stage pancreatitis)

Inhibited gastrin release (reversed in gastrinoma)

Inhibited HCL release

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12
Q

Pancreatic Secretin Test

A

Normal 2ml/kg/hr, bicarb >10mmol/L/hr, amylase 6-18 IU/kg

  1. Chronic panc: decreased bicarb
  2. End stage panc: decreased all
  3. Malnutrition: decreased enzyme
    Panc cancer: decreased volume
    Zollinger-Ellision: increased volume
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13
Q

What stimulates VIP release?

A

Fat and ACh

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14
Q

What is the response to VIP?

A

Increased intestinal secretion (water and electrolytes) and motility

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15
Q

VIPoma

A

WDHA: watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, achlorhydria

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16
Q

What stimulates and inhibits

A

Stimulated by: low glucose, high amino acids, ACh

Inhibited by: glucose, insulin, somatostatin

17
Q

Result of glucagon?

A

Glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, ketogenesis, decreased HCL, decreased GI motility, relaxes sphincter of Oddi

18
Q

What stimulates and inhibits insulin?

A

Stimulated by: glucose, glucagons, CCK

Inhibited by: somatostatin

19
Q

Response to insulin?

A

Cellular glucose uptake, promotes protein synthesis

20
Q

What stimulates pancreatic polypeptide from panc islet cells?

A

Food, vagus, hormons

21
Q

Pancreatic polypeptide response?

A

Decrased pancreatic and gallbladder secretion

22
Q

What stimulates and inhibits motilin release by gut intestinal cells?

A

Stimulated by: duodenal acid, food, vagus

Inhibited by: somatostatin, secretin, pancreatic polypeptide, duodenal fat

23
Q

Motilin response?

A

Increased motility (small bowel; phase III peristalsis) –> erythromycin acts here

24
Q

Bombesin

A

Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)

Causes increased intestinal motor activity, increased pancreatic enzyme secretion, and increased gastric acid secretion

25
Q

Peptide YY

A

Ileal break

Released from TI after a fatty meal

inhibits acid secretion and stomach contraction

Inhibits gallbladder contraction and pancreatic secretion

26
Q

What mediates anorexia?

A

Hypothalamus

27
Q

Bowel recovery order

A

Small bowel 24 hours

Stomach 48 hours

Large bowel 3-5 days

28
Q

Enterokinase

A

Activates trypsinogen to trypsin -> activates other enzymes of digestion

29
Q

MMC phases

A

Interdigestive motility; 90 min cycles; starts in stomach, goes to TI

I. quiescence
II. gallbladder contraction
III. peristalsis
IV. subsiding electric activity

30
Q

Where is gastrin made?

A

antrum G cell

31
Q

Where is somatostatin made?

A

antrum D cell

32
Q

Where is CCK made?

A

duodenal I cell

33
Q

Where is secretin made?

A

duodenal S cells

34
Q

Where is VIP made?

A

Gut and pancreas cells

35
Q

Where is glucagon made?

A

pancreatic Alpha cells

36
Q

Where is insulin made?

A

pancreas Beta cells

37
Q

Where is pancreatic polypeptide made?

A

Panc islet cells

38
Q

Where is motilin made?

A

Intestinal cells

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