Fiser ABSITE Ch. 26 Cardiac

Question 1

Right to left cardiac shunts cause _______.

Answer 1

Cyanosis

Question 2

A shift from left-to-right shunt to a right-to-left shunt is a sign of increasing pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary hypertension, and is known as __________.

Answer 2

Eisenmenger’s syndrome

Question 3

This condition, if left untreated, can cause polycythemia, strokes, brain abscess, endocarditis, and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

Answer 3

Cyanosis

Question 4

The first sign of CHF in children is ________.

Answer 4

Hepatomegaly

Question 5

Left to right cardiac shunts cause _____, clinically manifested as failure to thrive, tachycardia, tachypnea, and hepatomegaly.

Answer 5

CHF

Question 6

_____________ is a connection between the descending aorta and the left pulmonary artery.

Answer 6

Ductus arteriosus

Question 7

________________ is a connection between the portal vein and IVC.

Answer 7

Ductus venosum

Question 8

Ductus venosum causes blood to be shunted away from the _____

Answer 8

Liver

Question 9

Ductus arteriosus causes blood to be shunted away from the ________ in utero.

Answer 9

Lungs

Question 10

The most common congenital heart defect _______

Answer 10

VSD

Question 11

VSDs usually close spontaneously by age ____________

Answer 11

Six months

Question 12

Medical treatment for symptomatic VSD is ______ and _____.

Answer 12

Diuretics, digoxin

Question 13

Indications for repair of VSD

Answer 13

CHF resulting in failure to thrive; peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) > 4-6 Woods units

Question 14

Contraindication to repair of VSD

Answer 14

PVR > 10-12 Woods units

Question 15

Most common type of ASD

Answer 15

Ostium secundum

Question 16

Eighty percent of ostium secundum is caused by ___________

Answer 16

Patent foramen ovale

Question 17

Medical treatment for symptomatic ostium primum defects are ______ and _____.

Answer 17

Diuretics, digoxin

Question 18

Anomalies that assist in oxygenation with ASD

Answer 18

Anomalous pulmonary venous return to right atrium or IVC, or IVC connecting to left atrium

Question 19

This congenital cardiac anomaly is more inferior to the others

Answer 19

Ostium primum

Question 20

Ostium primum is caused by deficiency in left horn of the ___

Answer 20

Sinus venosus

Question 21

Ostium secundum becomes symptomatic when ___, resulting in CHF

Answer 21

Pulmonary to systemic flow (Qp/Qs) > 2

Question 22

Adults with ostium primum defects can get ___ and ___

Answer 22

paradoxical emboli, arrhythmias

Question 23

Symtpoms of osmium primum

Answer 23

fatigue, dyspnea, recurrent infections

Question 24

Tetralogy of Fallot includes which congenital defects?

Answer 24

Overriding aorta, VSD, pulmonary stenosis, and RV hypertrophy

Question 25

Most common congenital defect resulting in cyanosis _________

Answer 25

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 26

Morphologic abnormality causing Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 26

Anterior and superior displacement of infundibular septum

Question 27

Medical treatment for Tetralogy of Fallot is _____________

Answer 27

Beta blockade

Question 28

This type of shunt can be used for palliation to delay repair of Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 28

Blalock Taussig

Question 29

Tetralogy of Fallot should be repaired when this sign occurs ____

Answer 29

Increased cyanosis

Question 30

Definitive repair of Tetralogy of Fallot includes these three steps

Answer 30

Division of RV outflow tract obstruction, patch enlargement of outflow tract, VSD repair

Question 31

The most common cyanotic disorder presenting during the first year of life is _________

Answer 31

Transposition of the great vessels

Question 32

In Transposition of the great vessels, mixing most often occurs through ___________

Answer 32

ASD

Question 33

Medical treatment of Transposition of the great vessels includes ____

Answer 33

Atrial septostomy and PGE1

Question 34

In patients with Transposition of the great vessels and large VSDs, significant CHF and pulmonary HTN may occur by this age ______

Answer 34

three months

Question 35

Optimal timing of repair in Transposition of the great vessels

Answer 35

Early, switch with posterior implantation of coronary arteries

Question 36

Patients with Transposition of the great vessels and _________ are NOT candidates for early switch

Answer 36

LVOT obstruction

Question 37

Patients with Transposition of the great vessels and LVOT obstruction should be treated with _________

Answer 37

Blalock Taussig shunt