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OB/GYN Board Review > First Trimester > Flashcards

First Trimester Flashcards

1
Q

Nuchal translucency

A

fluid collection vis. behind the fetal neck
most accurate from 11-14 wks
> 3mm is abnormal

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2
Q

pseudocyesis

A

a psychological condition in which a pt. believes she is pregnant, when she isn’t

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3
Q

hyperemesis

A

excessive vomiting that leads to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
assoc. with trophoblastic disease, multiple pregnancies, and ovarian hyperstimulation

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4
Q

normal hCG levels

A

double every 30-48 hrs
peak at the 10th gest. wk
begin to decline until the 18th gest. wk
then level out for remainder of pregnancy

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5
Q

gestational sac and yolk sac (should be measured how?)

A

inner to inner

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6
Q

fertilization

A

mature ovum is released at Day 14

fertilization occures 1-2 days after ovulation

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7
Q

decidual reaction “double decidua sign” (layers)

A

deciduas capsularis: covers blastocyst
decidual basalis: between conceptus and UT wall
decidual parietalis “decidua vera”: covers the rest of UT

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8
Q

secondary yolk sac

A 
seen w/i first trim.
produces AFP
transfers nutrients 
hematopoiesis
connected to fetus by vitelline/omphalomesenteric duct
becomes part of the primitive gut
liver takes over by 8th gest. wk.
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9
Q

abnormal NT

A

> 3 mm
Indicates: Trisomy 21, 18, Turner’s Syndrome, congestive heart failure
measured inner to inner

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10
Q

most common site for an ectopic

A

ampulla of the fallopian tube
(isthmus = 2nd most common site)
(interstitial = most dangerous)
Other locations: cervix, ovary, and fimbraie

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11
Q

choriocarcinoma

A

most malignant form of trophoblastic disease with possible metastasis
result of malignant growth of hydatidiform molar pregnancy
common sites for metastasis = liver, lungs, and vagina

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12
Q

threatened AB

A

presents as low FHR
vaginal bleeding before 20 wks gest.
closed cervix

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13
Q

inevitable AB

A

presents with low-lying gest. sac and open internal os of cervix
vaginal bleeding with dilated cervix

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14
Q

abnormal positions of the fetal heart

A 
levocardiac = to left
mesocardiac = to right
dextrocardiac = heart lies in right side, with apex pointing towards the right
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15
Q

mitral valve
vs.
tricuspid valve

A

left side
vs.
right side

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16
Q

fetal hydronephrosis renal pelvis measurement

A

renal pelvis > 10 mm

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17
Q

proximal tibial epiphysis

A

usually seen in the 37th wk.

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18
Q

cases of heterotopic pregnancy occur in approximately 1 in how many?

A

1 in 30,000

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19
Q

normal yolk sac measurement

A

= 6 mm

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20
Q

prosencephalon

A

forebrain

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21
Q

crainosyntosis

A

premature fusion of cranial bones/sutures

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22
Q

bregma

A

anterior fontanelle when filled with bone

23
Q

lambda

A

posterior fontanelle when filled with bone

24
Q

function of the choroid plexus

A

mass of cells responsible for producing the Cerebrospinal fluid in the fetus

25
Q

mesocephalic

A

normal sized head

26
Q

atrial septum
vs.
ventricular septum

A

atrial septum is open to the foramen ovale
vs.
ventricular septum is uninterrupted

27
Q

fetal blood circulation

A

half of blood to liver via LPV/umbilical vein

half of blood shunted to IVC via ductus venosus (branch off umbilical vein)

28
Q

ductus venosum

A

takes blood from the umbilical vein to the right atrium

29
Q

the left ventricle connects to what major blood vessel

A

aorta

30
Q

the right ventricle connects to what major blood vessel

A

pulmonary artery

31
Q

fetal lung maturity can be assessed by using what ratio?

A

(L/S ratio)
lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio
tested by an amniocentesis
mature lungs with show: increased lecithin and decreased sphingomyelin

32
Q

foramen ovale

A

shunts blood from the right atrium to the left atrium

33
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

shunts blood from the pulmonary vein to the descending aorta

34
Q

what valve lies between the left atrium and ventricle?

A

mitral valve

35
Q

what valve lies between the right atrium and ventricle?

A

tricuspid valve

36
Q

what normal structure of the heart lies within the right ventricle?

A

moderator band

37
Q

transcerebellar measurement

A

correlates with gest. age

grows at a rate of 1 mm per wk. between 14-21 wks

38
Q

rhombencephalon

A

hindbrain

cystic structure seen within an embryo during the first trimester

39
Q

mesencephalon

A

midbrain

40
Q

normal NT measurements should not exceed

A

3 mm

41
Q

distal femoral epiphysis

A

seen at 32-33 wks. (not included in measurement)

42
Q

what anomaly is brachycephaly seen with?

A

trisomy 21

43
Q

what is dolicocephaly head shape seen with?

A

breech presentation

44
Q

cephalic index

A

devised to determine normality of fetal head shape

45
Q

missed AB

A

no FHR

fetal demise with retained fetus

46
Q

incomplete AB

A

presents as thickened and irregular endo and enlarged UT

part of the products of conception are expelled, part is retained within the UT

47
Q

complete/spontaneous AB

A

all products of conception are expelled

48
Q

gestational trophoblastic disease

A

hydatidiform mole
molar pregnancy
trophoblastic cells produce hCH
bilateral theca lutein cysts typically seen

49
Q

human chorionic gonodotropin

A

hCG
produced by the trophoblastic cells of the developing chorionic villi
doubles every 30-48 hrs
peaks at 10th gest. wk

50
Q

blastocyst

A

fluid rapidly enters the morula, forming the blastocyst —> implants into the endo 5-7 days after fertilization

51
Q

morula

A

a solid mass of cells formed by the cleavage of a fertilized ovum (zygote)

52
Q

rhombencephalon within embryo

A

a normal cyst like structure seen within a first trimester embryo
eventually contributes to the 4th ventricle, brain stem, and cerebellum

53
Q

implantation process

A

occurs within distal portion of fallopian tube
cells of zygote multiply–>form a cluster of cells (morula)–>fluid fills the morula–>forming a blastocyst–>implants into the endometrium

OB/GYN Board Review (8 decks)

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