first quiz Flashcards
Pathos-Greek means _____Logos-Greek means _____
SufferingStudy
______ means the cause of a disease
Etiology
_____ means the cause is unknown
Idiopathic
Examples of Idiopathic diseases(3)
Ankylosing spondylitisHyperostosis(Fusing of ALL)DISH(Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis) Aka Forestier’s disease
Acute cystitis is the inflammation of the bladder and is caused by a(n) ____ infection
E. coli(Gram-)
Categories of etiology (3)
congenitalgeneticacquired
When an individual’s genes are responsible for some structural or functional defect it is called _____ etiology
genetic
Examples of genetic etiology (3)
Huntingtons chorea/diseaseTrisomy 21Cystic fibrosis
Huntington’s results in _____, which is a bizarre, dance like motions with the hands. Other symptoms are (3)
chorea• Dementia• Striatal nuclei• Atrophy of the neurons
There is a higher chance of development of trisomy 21 if the parents are ______
older
When the genetic information is intact, but other factors in the embryo’s intrauterine environment interfere with normal development it is classified as _____ etiology
congenital
______ effect is an abnormality producing effect. ___ is an agent that causes physical abnormality in developing embryo of fetus.
Teratogenic, teratogen
Examples of congenital etiology (4)
• Toxoplasma gondi• Alcohol fetal syndrome• Thalidomide(a medication)• Rubella
If pregnant woman is infected with rubella, there is a(n) _____% chance of teratogenic effect happening
100%
Examples of acquired etiology (3)
• Herpes Zoster• Bullous emphysema• Folliculitis
_____ involves the distention of alveoli and rupture of alveolar walls and also has lung consolidation.
Bullous emphysema
Folliculitis is from these bacteria (2) and can result in a brain abscess
staph aureus and strep pyogenes
_____ is a subjective finding, _____ is an objective finding
Symptom, sign
____ is combination of signs and symptoms associated with a particular disease
syndrome
Raynaud’s syndrome will have ____ and which will create a _____ color pattern
vasoconstriction of peripheral arteries, white then blue then red
Raynaud’s syndrome is predominantly a(n) _____ disorder and may be a manifestation of (3)
vaso-constrictionsystem sclerosisimmunohemolytic anemiasmoking
Sjogren’s syndrome is autoimmune damage to ____ which results in ____ which weakens the body’s first line of defense
exocrine glands, drying of mucous membranes
_____ is drying of the mouth and is due to inflammation of the ____ gland
Xerostoma, sublingual
_____ is drying of the eye and is due to the inflammation of the ____ gland
Xerophthalmia, lacrimal
______ is inflammation of the parotid gland and causes hamster like appearance
parotitis
_____ disease has a short duration (7-10 days), quick onset, and severe symptoms
Acute
_____ disease lasts for more than 6 weeks, could have insidious(hidden) onset
chronic
Subacute disease lasts between 10 days to 6 weeks. _____ is an example
Bacterial endocardititis
_____ is the mechanism, or pattern, of development of a particular disease
Pathogeneis
_____ disease is confined to one region of the body
local
Local disease can either be ____ damage or _____ damage
focal, diffuse
With _____ damage, the damage is limited to one or more distant sites within a diseased organ
focal
With _____ damage, the damage is distributed uniformly within the organ
diffuse
When local diseases become systemic (2)
cancer metastasizingTB in lungs(bacteria could spread to other organs)
____ is the identification of the patients specific disease
diagnosis
_____ is the prediction(theory) of the outcome of the disease
prognosis
Ways cell injury occurs (3)
deficiencyintoxicationtrauma
____ is the lack of substance necessary for a cell
deficiency
______ deficiency is the lack of specific components in food
primary nutrient
Examples of primary nutrient deficiency - lack of Vit B₃ _____- lack of Vitamin C _____- Lack of Vitamin B₁(thiamin) _____
Pellagra(inflammation of the skin i.e. casel’s necklace dermatitis)scurvyberiberi
______ deficiency is the components are in the food, but cannot be absorbed
Secondary nutrient
_____ results from the fact that vitamin B₁₂ cannot be absorbed without ____. In this condition the body doesn’t produce enough intrinsic factor
Pernicious anemia (malignant anemia), intrinsic factor
_____ can result in improper production of enzymes that make cellular metabolism not normal
Genetic defects
_____ is poisoning, toxins, or the presence of a substance that interferes with cell function
Intoxication
____ is something that interferes with the cell structure
Trauma
Toxins can either be _____ toxins, which is produced inside the body, or _____ toxins, which enter the body from the outside
endogenous, exogenous
Examples of Exogenous toxins (3)
InfectionChemicalOverdose of medications or artificial vitamins
Infection can happen from food contamination with the toxins secreted by bacteria (3)
botulismsalmonellosisbacteriological weapon
Chemical exogenous toxins (2)
CCl₄(carbon tetrachloride, bad for hepatocytes)alcohol
Endogenous toxins (3)
GeneticIonizing radiationaccumulation of metabolic by productsStar this termYou can study starred terms togetherPlay audio for this term
