first q Flashcards by Clyden Jaile

Anthropology vs Sociology vs Political Science

A - holistic study of humanity
S - study of social world
P - study of politics

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etymology of anthropology

greek words
anthropos (human being/humanity)
logos (study/knowledge)

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father or even grandfather of all social and behavioral sciences

anthropology

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comparative study of cultural and social life

anthropology

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how did anthropology start

time of exploration: european countries colonize “primitive” societies (uncivilized = savages/barbaric)

started as the study of non-europeans

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Barbaric Tribes

Vandals
Viking
Visigoths
Franks
Ostrogoths
Germanic
Saxons

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research in anthropology

ethnography
arthropologists required to live with their subjects for a long period of time

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anthropology: written records about

cultural perceptions
language
race
religion
kinship

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people is anthropology

Franz Boas (father of modern american anthropology - doctrine of historical particularism - “each society has a unique form of culture”)

Claude Levi-Strauss “anthropology has humanity as its subject of research” (how different + commonalities)

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Anthropology Subject of Inquiries

Biological - human origins (genetics, race, evolution)
Cultural - living people (language, clothing, food, religion)
Linguistics - language, its evolution and connection to other language
Archaeology - dead culture

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biological anthropology example

tabon man - palawan
gallao man - cagayan

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cultural anthropology example

maharlika
timawa
alipin (saguiguilid, namamahay)

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goals of anthropology

understand human nature and diversity, look at culture objectively

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etymology of Sociology

latin words
societas (interaction of ppl sharing same culture)

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how did sociology start

academic field at the height of industrial revolution in Europe

started as the study of European society by Europeans

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people in sociology

term coined by Auguste Comte (french philosopher & mathematician, need for systematic science in studying sociology)

Karl Marx - bourgeoisie vs proletariat

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anthropology vs sociology

sociology: understand one’s OWN society

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research in sociology

sociologists use qualitative research

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goals of sociology

examine our roles, all things in society are interdependent

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Sociological imagination

vivid awareness of relationship between private experience and wider society - c. wright mills

private troubles (personal problems)
public issues (social problems)

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What is Political science?

process of making collective decisions influence and power

studies how even most private and personal decisions of individuals are influenced by collective decisions of a community

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etymology of politics

greek word
polis (city-state)

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people in political science

aristotle - father of political science
book: politics “man is a political animal”

plato
book: republic “democracy being the best kind of government”

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goals of political science

better citizens, social order, protect human rights, avoid conflict

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major perspectives in sociology

symbolic interactionism - attach meaning to symbols, miss the larger issues of society functionalism - each aspect is interdependent ROBERT MERTON human functions >manifest - intentional, obvious, beneficial >latent - unintentional, not obvious, beneficial >dysfunction - harmful latent functions causing conflict and disorder conflict perspective - overly negative view of society, rich and powerful forcing social order on the weak

Karl Marx book

Communist Manifesto

Segregation of white from black

Apartheid Policy

yearly protest for workers' rights

Kilusang Mayo Uno (KMU)

an American man who fatally shot Trayvon Martin

George Zimmerman

etymology of culture

latin word colere - to cultivate

no social interaction =

no culture

characteristics of a culture

variety social continuous gratifying shared learned

unwritten rules of behavior acceptable in a group

norms

types of norms

folkways - proper way of dealing with everyday living (school unif, raising hand) mores - moral norms; needs to be followed by society strictly (religious doctrines) laws - formalized mores (legislated, approved, and implemented) beliefs - ideas hold to be true, factual, and ideal symbols - representations or illustrations representing beliefs and meanings

the tendency to evaluate other groups according to the values and standards of one’s ethnic group

Ethnocentrism

Ethnocentrism types

Eurocentrism - focus on western people Sinocentrism >Zhonggou - Middle Kingdom >Huawizhidi - lands outside the influence of china

Xenocentrism other name

colonial mentality

First Afro-American Rhodes scholar in 1897

Alain Locke coined the term cultural relativism

idea that one's beliefs, values, and practices should be understood based on their culture

Cultural Relativism

Cultural universals

"human universals" element, pattern, or trait common to all

Culture shock

cultural environment one is not familiar with

cultural leveling

different cultures approach each other as a result of travel or communication

paleolithic etymology

greek word palaios - old lithos - stone

paleolithic was coined by

john lubbock 1865

paleolithic happened

2.5 million years ago

paleolithic way of life

nomads fire caves simple tools and weapons grouped in small societies "bands" food gathering and hunting

transition from Paleolithic to Neolithic

mesolithic meso "middle"

neolithic etymology

greek word neo - new lithos - stone

neolithic

10,000 BC 1st agricultural revolution

neolithic way of life

sedentary, farming, domestication of animals, pottery

civilization etymology

latin word civis - citizen civitas - city - developed culture

ANCIENT STATE AND CIVILIZATION

Mesopotamia (land between water - Tigris and Euphrates) >Fertile Crescent >Ur, Uruk, Kish, Lagesh >Ziggurat (priest-king) +cuneiform (henry rawlinson) Egypt >Gift of Nile >Pharaoh >Pyramid

WWI: TRIPLE ENTENTE

Britain, France, and Russia

WWII: AXIS

rome, berlin, tokyo

WWII: TRIPARTITE PACT

rome, berlin, tokyo

MODERN STATE AND CIVILIZATION

England >1500s, most people lives in small villages >Henry VII won war of the roses (York-white, Lancaster- red) Spain >1942, Spanish monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella took spain back from the Muslim (Kingdom of Granada) > Spain as a global power France >Louis XIV created an absolute monarchy >French revolution (Napoleon Bonaparte) +King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette >1914-1918 World War I (allied vs central) >Treaty of Versailles + started with the assassinations of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand +Triple Entente >1939-1945 World War II (central vs. axis) +started with Hitler's invasion of Poland +Tripartite Pact >United Nations (October 24, 1945)

Four cradles of civilization in the old world

Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus valley, and (Huang-he) Yellow river

Two cradles of civilization in the new world

Caral-Supe and Olmec

transition to a more democratic political regime

Democratization

Types of DEMOCRATIZATION

Representative - ppl vote for a representative Direct - ppl directly vote for laws Constitutional - from lowest to highest position

Tangible vs Intangible

Socialization vs. Enculturation

Socialization - adapt Enculturation - learns

Agents of Socialization

family, school, peer group, social media

Social groups

- common objects of attention - common loyalty - participates in the same activities

CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL GROUP

GROUP VS SOCIETY

ACCORDING TO NATURE OF SOCIAL TIES

ACCORDING TO ORGANIZATION

socialization according to joseph fichter

process of mutual influence person becomes social when he learns to get along with other people

KINDS OF SOCIALIZATION

TYPES OF SOCIAL INTERACTION

THEORIES ON HOW SELF IS FORMED