first q Flashcards
Anthropology vs Sociology vs Political Science
A - holistic study of humanity
S - study of social world
P - study of politics
etymology of anthropology
greek words
anthropos (human being/humanity)
logos (study/knowledge)
father or even grandfather of all social and behavioral sciences
anthropology
comparative study of cultural and social life
anthropology
how did anthropology start
time of exploration: european countries colonize “primitive” societies (uncivilized = savages/barbaric)
started as the study of non-europeans
Barbaric Tribes
Vandals
Viking
Visigoths
Franks
Ostrogoths
Germanic
Saxons
research in anthropology
ethnography
arthropologists required to live with their subjects for a long period of time
anthropology: written records about
cultural perceptions
language
race
religion
kinship
people is anthropology
Franz Boas (father of modern american anthropology - doctrine of historical particularism - “each society has a unique form of culture”)
Claude Levi-Strauss “anthropology has humanity as its subject of research” (how different + commonalities)
Anthropology Subject of Inquiries
Biological - human origins (genetics, race, evolution)
Cultural - living people (language, clothing, food, religion)
Linguistics - language, its evolution and connection to other language
Archaeology - dead culture
biological anthropology example
tabon man - palawan
gallao man - cagayan
cultural anthropology example
maharlika
timawa
alipin (saguiguilid, namamahay)
goals of anthropology
understand human nature and diversity, look at culture objectively
etymology of Sociology
latin words
societas (interaction of ppl sharing same culture)
how did sociology start
academic field at the height of industrial revolution in Europe
started as the study of European society by Europeans
people in sociology
term coined by Auguste Comte (french philosopher & mathematician, need for systematic science in studying sociology)
Karl Marx - bourgeoisie vs proletariat
anthropology vs sociology
sociology: understand one’s OWN society
research in sociology
sociologists use qualitative research
goals of sociology
examine our roles, all things in society are interdependent
Sociological imagination
vivid awareness of relationship between private experience and wider society - c. wright mills
private troubles (personal problems)
public issues (social problems)
What is Political science?
process of making collective decisions influence and power
studies how even most private and personal decisions of individuals are influenced by collective decisions of a community
etymology of politics
greek word
polis (city-state)
people in political science
aristotle - father of political science
book: politics “man is a political animal”
plato
book: republic “democracy being the best kind of government”
goals of political science
better citizens, social order, protect human rights, avoid conflict
major perspectives in sociology
symbolic interactionism - attach meaning to symbols, miss the larger issues of society
functionalism - each aspect is interdependent
ROBERT MERTON human functions
>manifest - intentional, obvious, beneficial
>latent - unintentional, not obvious, beneficial
>dysfunction - harmful latent functions causing conflict and disorder
conflict perspective - overly negative view of society, rich and powerful forcing social order on the weak
Karl Marx book
Communist Manifesto
Segregation of white from black
Apartheid Policy
yearly protest for workers’ rights
Kilusang Mayo Uno (KMU)
an American man who fatally shot Trayvon Martin
George Zimmerman
etymology of culture
latin word
colere - to cultivate
no social interaction =
no culture
characteristics of a culture
variety
social
continuous
gratifying
shared
learned
unwritten rules of behavior acceptable in a group
norms
types of norms
folkways - proper way of dealing with everyday living (school unif, raising hand)
mores - moral norms; needs to be followed by society strictly (religious doctrines)
laws - formalized mores (legislated, approved, and implemented)
beliefs - ideas hold to be true, factual, and ideal
symbols - representations or illustrations representing beliefs and meanings
the tendency to evaluate other groups according to the values and standards of one’s ethnic group
Ethnocentrism
Ethnocentrism types
Eurocentrism - focus on western people
Sinocentrism
>Zhonggou - Middle Kingdom
>Huawizhidi - lands outside the influence of china
Xenocentrism other name
colonial mentality
First Afro-American Rhodes scholar in 1897
Alain Locke coined the term cultural relativism
idea that one’s beliefs, values, and practices should be understood based on their culture
Cultural Relativism
Cultural universals
“human universals”
element, pattern, or trait common to all
Culture shock
cultural environment one is not familiar with
cultural leveling
different cultures approach each other as a result of travel or communication
paleolithic etymology
greek word
palaios - old
lithos - stone
paleolithic was coined by
john lubbock 1865
paleolithic happened
2.5 million years ago
paleolithic way of life
nomads
fire
caves
simple tools and weapons
grouped in small societies “bands”
food gathering and hunting
transition from Paleolithic to Neolithic
mesolithic
meso “middle”
neolithic etymology
greek word
neo - new
lithos - stone
neolithic
10,000 BC
1st agricultural revolution
neolithic way of life
sedentary, farming, domestication of animals, pottery
civilization etymology
latin word
civis - citizen
civitas - city - developed culture
ANCIENT STATE AND CIVILIZATION
Mesopotamia (land between water - Tigris and Euphrates)
>Fertile Crescent
>Ur, Uruk, Kish, Lagesh
>Ziggurat (priest-king)
+cuneiform (henry rawlinson)
Egypt
>Gift of Nile
>Pharaoh
>Pyramid
WWI: TRIPLE ENTENTE
Britain, France, and Russia
WWII: AXIS
rome, berlin, tokyo
WWII: TRIPARTITE PACT
rome, berlin, tokyo
MODERN STATE AND CIVILIZATION
England
>1500s, most people lives in small villages
>Henry VII won war of the roses (York-white, Lancaster- red)
Spain
>1942, Spanish monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella took spain back from the Muslim (Kingdom of Granada)
> Spain as a global power
France
>Louis XIV created an absolute monarchy
>French revolution (Napoleon Bonaparte)
+King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
> 1914-1918 World War I (allied vs central)
Treaty of Versailles
+ started with the assassinations of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand
+Triple Entente
1939-1945 World War II (central vs. axis)
+started with Hitler’s invasion of Poland
+Tripartite Pact
United Nations (October 24, 1945)
Four cradles of civilization in the old world
Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus valley, and (Huang-he) Yellow river
Two cradles of civilization in the new world
Caral-Supe and Olmec
transition to a more democratic political regime
Democratization
Types of DEMOCRATIZATION
Representative - ppl vote for a representative
Direct - ppl directly vote for laws
Constitutional - from lowest to highest position
Tangible vs Intangible
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Socialization vs. Enculturation
Socialization - adapt
Enculturation - learns
Agents of Socialization
family, school, peer group, social media
Social groups
- common objects of attention
- common loyalty
- participates in the same activities
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL GROUP
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GROUP VS SOCIETY
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ACCORDING TO NATURE OF SOCIAL TIES
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ACCORDING TO ORGANIZATION
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socialization according to joseph fichter
process of mutual influence
person becomes social when he learns to get along with
other people
KINDS OF SOCIALIZATION
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TYPES OF SOCIAL INTERACTION
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THEORIES ON HOW SELF IS FORMED
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