First Paragraph

Question 1

First paragraph points

Answer 1

This first paragraph will
Attentional flexibility refers to
Working memory refers to
A good working memory is
Inhibitory control allows individuals to
This ability is
For instance
However, a more recent replication of this study
Nevertheless, Falk et al., contradicted this
Overall, these components provide
The next paragraph will

Question 2

This first paragraph will…

Answer 2

…explore how attentional flexibility, working memory and inhibitory control relate to EF and how collectively they enable children to navigate their environments and meet their goals.

Question 3

Attentional flexibility refers to…

Answer 3

…the ability to shift focus between tasks, for example being able to pay attention to small details, whilst also having a grasp of the bigger picture (Calcott, 2015)

Question 4

Working memory refers to…

Answer 4

…the ability to temporarily hold and manipulate information in mind, for use immediately or in the near future.

Question 5

A good working memory is…

Answer 5

…a key component of academic success as it enable individuals to solve problems, adhere to instructions and retain information (Egeland et al., 2016)

Question 6

Inhibitory control allows…

Answer 6

…individuals to suppress impulses and resist distractions.

Question 7

This ability is…

Answer 7

…crucial for focusing on tasks, delaying gratification and avoiding inappropriate behaviours (Woltering et al., 2016)

Question 8

For instance…

Answer 8

… the renowned Marshmallow Study revealed that children who demonstrated greater ability to delay gratification were more likely to develop into cognitively and socially competent adolescents, excelling academically and managing frustration and stress more effectively (Mischel & Shoda, 1989)

Question 9

However, a more recent replication of this study…

Answer 9

…challenged the original findings as they found that the correlation between waiting times at age four and adolescent achievement was only half as strong as reported in the original studies (Watts et al., 2018)

Question 10

Nevertheless, Falk ET al.,…

Answer 10

…contradicted this, claiming the correlations in Watt’s study were weak and a further reanalysis of the data rendered results similar to those reported by Mischel and Shoda (1989)

Question 11

Overall, these components provide children with…

Answer 11

…the cognitive tools necessary for effective learning, decision-making and behaviour regulation (Woltering et al., 2016)

Question 12

The next paragraph will…

Answer 12

…explore metacognition and how it links to EF.