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SCIENCE H11C LONG TEST > FIRST LONG TEST 08-28-2017 > Flashcards

FIRST LONG TEST 08-28-2017 Flashcards

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1
Q

Is a plausible or scientifically acceptable
general principle or body of principles offered
to explain a phenomena

A

theory

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2
Q

 is set of assumptions, propositions, or accepted
facts that attempts to provide a plausible or
rational explanation of cause-and-effect

A

theory

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3
Q

all existing matter and space considered

as a whole

A

Universe

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4
Q

is the religious belief that
the universe and life originated “from specific acts of divine
creation

A

Creationism

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5
Q

The basis for many creationists’ beliefs is a literal or quasiliteral
interpretation of the Old Testament, especially from
stories from the book of Genesis

A

Divine origin theory

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6
Q

The Kuba people of Central Africa tell the

story of a creator god

A

mbombo or bumba

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7
Q

the primal man whose
head, feet, eyes, and mind became the sky,
earth, sun, and moon respectively

A

Purusha,

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8
Q

Original state of the cosmos was a primordial
mixture of all of its ingredients which existed in
infinitesimally small fragments of themselves.

A

Primordial Universe Theory

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9
Q

It was set into motion by the mind or

A

nous

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10
Q

 A whirling motion sifted and separated the
ingredients, ultimately producing cosmos of
separated materials objects with different
properties that can be seen today

A

Primordial Universe Theory

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11
Q

smallest unit of matter

A

ATOM –

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12
Q

Leucippus and Democritus

A

Atomic Universe Theory

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13
Q

The universe was composed of very small, indivisible

and indestructible atoms

A

Atomic Universe Theory

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14
Q

 All objects in the universe are made up of Atoms.

A

Atomic Universe Theory

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15
Q

The universe is like a

A

body

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16
Q

Earth stayed motionless and everything was

revolving around it

A

Aristotle and Ptolemy

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17
Q

The motions of the celestial body can be explained

without putting the Earth in the center

A

Copernicus

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18
Q

Even the Solar system is not in the center of the
universe-it is merely just another solar system among
an infinite multitude of others

A

Giordano Bruno

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19
Q

The universe is gravitationally balanced

but essentially unstable

A

steady-state

Theory

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20
Q

Matter on a large scale is evenly

distributed

A

steady-state

Theory

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21
Q

Static, steady-state, infinite universe

A

steady-state

Theory

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22
Q 
The earliest workings
towards the design of
the refracting
telescope were
made by germandutch
lensmaker
A

HANS
LIPPERSHEY (above)
in 1608

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23
Q

american
astronomer showed that the
universe was
static.

A

EDWIN HUBBLE

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24
Q

The now discredited steady state model of the

universe was proposed in 1948 by

A

Bondi, Gould and

Hoyle.

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25
Q

It maintains that new matter is created as the universe

expands thereby maintaining its density

A

Steady-State Theory

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26
Q

Its predictions led to tests and its eventual rejection
with the discovery of the cosmic microwave
background.

A

Steady-State Theory

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27
Q

Describes the universe as expanding ,
having originated from an infinitely
dense point around 13.8 billion years
ago

A

Big Bang Theory

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28
Q

was not present at the
beginning of time, there was only pure
energy in a single point called
singularity.

A

Matter

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29
Q

Major Proponent of the Big Bang Theory
Belgian Roman Catholic Priest
1927

A

George Lemaitre

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30
Q

Edwin Hubble’s observation of galaxies

A

George Lemaitre

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31
Q

Discover of the Cosmic Microwave background

radiation

A

Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson

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32
Q

Cosmic Inflation Theory

A

Alan Guth and Andrei Linde

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33
Q

The early universe was rapidly

expanding of energy.

A

Cosmic Inflation Theory

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34
Q

Cosmic Inflation Theory

A

Homogeneity of objects

  1. Gradually loses the curvature of objects
  2. Formation of stars and star systems
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35
Q

states that the Sun encountered a rogue star and due to the gravitational encounter of the two, hot gases were removed from both stars
the material from the rogue star is less dense, forming the outer planets and materials from the Sun is denser forming the inner planets

A

ENCOUNTER HYPOTHESIS

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36
Q

states that the Sun encountered a and due encounter of the two, hot gases were removed from both stars

A

rogue star

gravitational encounter

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37
Q

the material from the rogue star is, orming the outer planets and materials from the is denser forming the inner planets

A

s less dense, forming

Sun

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38
Q

suggests that a cloud of gas and dust (about 10 million km in diameter) rotated slowly and begin to collapse

A

PROTOPLANET HYPOTHESIS

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39
Q

it states that solar systems have their origins in rotating disks of dust coated in ice from frozen gases, which

A

slowly grow into planets

40
Q

proposed by Immanuel Kant and Pierre Simon Laplace

A

NEBULAR THEORY

41
Q

suggests that the Solar System was formed from a slowly rotating cloud of gas or nebula, that collapsed and flattened with a hot central region known as the Sun, and the remaining materials became the planets and everything else

A

NEBULAR THEORY

42
Q

suggests that the Solar System was formed as result of the condensation of hydrogen gas (interstellar gas) and dust (dust cloud) which was triggered by an explosion of a supernova, thus, forming the Sun and the planets

A

SOLAR NEBULAR THEORY

43
Q

the gas and dust cloud collapse due to the

A

FORCE OF GRAVITY

44
Q

also known as the Ptolemy System / Earth-centered System

A

GEOCENTRIC MODEL

45
Q

states that the earth is at the center and all the planets and the sun is orbiting around it

A

GEOCENTRIC MODEL

46
Q

supported the geocentric theory. He is one of the most influential Greek astronomer, geographer and mathematician of the time

A

CLAUDIUS PTOLEMY

47
Q

also known as the Copernican System / Sun-centered System

A

HELIOCENTRIC MODEL

48
Q

with the sun in the middle and all the other planets moving around it in the same direction

A

HELIOCENTRIC MODEL

49
Q

introduced this In the early 1500’s

A

Nicolaus Copernicus

50
Q

SOLAR SYSTEM: Properties and Current Information

A

The orbits of all planets are almost in the same plane.
The planetary orbits are nearly circular.
The orbits of the planet are nearly in the same plane as the rotation of the sun.
All planets revolve around the sun in counterclockwise direction.
The Solar System also contains asteroids and comets.

51
Q

are Jupiter-like planets

A

Jovian Planets

52
Q

they are referred to as gas giants since they are made up mostly of hydrogen and helium
it includes Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune

A

Jovian Planets

53
Q

are Earth-like planets

A

Terrestrial Planets

54
Q

they are composed mostly of dense, rocky, and metallic materials
it includes Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars

A

Terrestrial Planets

55
Q

Inferior Planets

A

are located inside the Earth’s orbit, which include Mercury and Venus

56
Q

Superior Planets

A

are located outside Earth’s orbit, which include Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune

57
Q 
Closest planet to the sun
Second smallest planet
Has no moons
Surface - many craters
Messenger of the Roman gods
A

MERCURY

58
Q 
Second planet from the sun
Brightest object in the sky
Twin planet of the earth
Hottest planet 
Sulfuric acid – yellow white color
No moon
Surface - craters, fault-like cracks and volcanoes
Named after Roman goddess of love and beauty
A

VENUS

59
Q 
Third planet 
Only living planet where life is known to exist
Has abundant liquid water and atmosphere
Has moderate surface temperature
One large moon
A

EARTH

60
Q 
Red planet – iron oxide (soil and dust)
Thin atmosphere (carbon dioxide, nitrogen and oxygen)
Has water in its atmosphere
Has two irregularly shaped moons
Roman God of War
A

MARS

61
Q 
Largest planet 
Has atmosphere (hydrogen, helium with some ammonia, methane and water vapor)
Has very small, faint dust rings
Great Red Spot
Has 63 moons 
Named for the Roman King of gods
A

JUPITER

62
Q

Second largest planet but has the lowest density
Has complex ring system
Gaseous planet
Thick atmosphere (hydrogen, helium, ammonia, methane and water vapor)
Has 31 moons
Roman God of Agriculture

A

SATURN

63
Q 
Third largest planet 
11 thin, dark rings
Has 21 moons
Gaseous planet
Bluish green planet – Methane
Father of Saturn
A

URANUS

64
Q 
Eighth planet
has atmosphere (methane)
Has a dark colored storm – Great Dark Spot
11 moons and several rings
Roman God of Sea
A

NEPTUNE

65
Q

• Four subsystems

A

hydrosphere

b. biosphere
c. geosphere
d. atmosphere

66
Q

Makes up 71% of Earth’s surface.

A

hydrosphere

67
Q

Earth’s water can appear in any
of its three phases.
➢ It interacts with other Earth’s
spheres through the

A

water cycle

68
Q

salty water

A

97

69
Q

fresh water

A

3

70
Q

part of the
hydrosphere is important to living
things.

A

freshwater

71
Q

s the largest
reservoir of fresh water available to
humans.

A

griundwater

72
Q

WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT

A

Water could be in liquid form, not just
solid and gas.
Water has a neutral pH.

Water is a good conductor of heat
and energy.
Water is a universal solvent.

73
Q 
It is the biological component of
the Earth.
➢ It encompasses all the living
things found on other spheres.
➢ It includes all of the microbes,
plants and animals
A

BIOSPHERE

74
Q 
It covers the visible solid layer to
the center of the Earth.
➢ It deals with the solid components
(landforms, rocks and layers of the
Earth)
A

GEOSPHERE

75
Q

It has a depth of making

it the largest of the earth’s sphere.

A

6,400 km

76
Q

Based on chemical composition

A

Crust

  1. Mantle
  2. Core
77
Q

Based on physical properties

A

. Lithosphere

  1. Asthenosphere
  2. Mesosphere
  3. Inner Core
  4. Outer Core
78
Q

it occupies aboutof Earth’s

volume

A

1%

79
Q 
thick (10 – 70 km)
- buoyant (less dense
than oceanic crust)
- some of the oldest
rocks
A

Continental Crust

80
Q
  • thin (7 km)
  • dense (sinks under
    continental crust)
  • young rocks
A

Oceanic Crust

81
Q 
it is the
separation
between the
crust and the
upper mantle
A

Mohorovicic Discontinuity

82
Q 
it comprises 82% of Earth’s volume
➢ a dense, hot layer of semi-solid rock
➢ it is approximately 2,900 km thick
➢ it is divided into the upper and
lower mantle
A

MANTLE

83
Q

it separates the
mantle and the
outer core

A

Gutenberg Discontinuity

84
Q

it is made up of ironnickel
alloy making it
very dense

A

CORE

85
Q 
about
2,260 km thick;
its liquid
movement is
responsible for
Earth’s
magnetic field
A

OUTER CORE

86
Q 
contains more iron
than nickel; is solid
despite of its high
temperature
because of the
extreme pressure at
the center of the
Earth
A

INNER CORE

87
Q

The boundary between the outer

and inner core is the

A

Lehmann Discontinuity

88
Q

It is the hottest part of the core.

A

Lehmann Discontinuity

89
Q

Based on physical properties

A

. Lithosphere

  1. Asthenosphere
  2. Mesosphere
  3. Inner Core
  4. Outer Core
90
Q

Outermost, rigid layer

A

LITHOSPHERE

91
Q

Made up of two parts

A

the crust

2. upper part of the mantle

92
Q

It is divided into pieces called as

A

tectonic plates

93
Q

plastic layer of the mantle which the

tectonic plates move

A

ASTHENOSPHERE

94
Q

“middle” - strong lower part
of the mantle between the
asthenosphere and the outer core

A

MESO

MESOSPHERE

95
Q 
It is the thin life-giving
gaseous envelope of Earth.
➢ It is the “a sea of air” that
forms a protective covering
around the planet
A

ATMOSPHERE

SCIENCE H11C LONG TEST (7 decks)

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