First Lecture

Question 1

What’s an example of an egg that causes cerebral hemorrhage due to its small size?

Answer 1

H. Heterophyes

Question 2

What is parasitic pharyngitis?

Answer 2

Infection with adult fasciola due to ingestion of infected raw liver

Question 3

What are the two organisms that cause pharyngeal fascioliasis?

Answer 3

Fasciola from raw liver and lingulatula serrata from undercooked viscera of goat and sheep

Question 4

What’s the treatment plan for pharyngeal fascioliasis?

Answer 4

• Gargle with alcohol
• Emetic drug
• Tracheostomy in case of severe condition

Question 5

What’s the most dangerous complication of Halzoun?

Answer 5

Laryngeal edema causing suffocation.

Question 6

Is P. Westermani present in Egypt? Yes or No?

Answer 6

No.

Question 7

What’s the diagnostic stage of p. Westermani?

Answer 7

Egg in sputum or stool.

Question 8

What’s the infective stage of p. westermani?

Answer 8

Encysted metacercaria in undercooked crustaceans like shrimp, crab or cray fish.

Question 9

What are the two intermediate hosts of p. westermani?

Answer 9

1st is Semisulcospira snail

2nd is crustaceans

Question 10

What’s the habitat of p. westermani in humans?

Answer 10

The lung.

Question 11

What’s the clinical picture of lung flukes?

Answer 11

Chronic productive cough (brownish), chest pain and pleural effusion.

Question 12

What’s the radiological findings in a patient with p. westermani?

Answer 12

Nodular ring shadows and cavities

Question 13

What’s the treatment of lung flukes?

Answer 13

Praziquantel and Bithionol

Question 14

What is cysticercosis?

Answer 14

Infection with the larval stage of T. Solium

Question 15

Man acts as a definitive host for cysticercosis? True or False?

Answer 15

False. Man acts as a blind intermediate host.

Question 16

What are the routes of infection of cysticercosis?

Answer 16

Ingestion of raw contaminated vegetables (heteroinfection), or auto infection which can be external (hand to mouth) or internal due to regurgitation of food into the stomach causing the egg to hatch in the acidity of the stomach.

Question 17

What is the clinical picture of cysticercosis based on the site?

Answer 17

Skin: subcutaneous painless nodules
Muscle: pain and weakness
Eye: loss of vision
Brain: neurocysticercosis

Question 18

What’s the drug of choice in cysticercosis? And what are the alternative drug?

Answer 18

Albendazole is the drug of choice.

Praziquantel is the alternative. Also surgical removal whenever possible.

Question 19

Man acts as a blind intermediate host in two parasitic diseases. Mention.

Answer 19

Cysticercosis and Coenurosis

Question 20

What’s the definitive host of coenurosis?

Answer 20

Dogs.

Question 21

What is the organism that causes coenurosis?

Answer 21

Multiceps multiceps causes coenurosis cerebralis while multiceps serrialis causes coenurosis serrialis.

Question 22

What’s the intermediate host fo multiceps serrialis?

Answer 22

Rabbits and man.

Question 23

What’s the intermediate host for coenurosis cerebralis?

Answer 23

Sheep, cattle and man.

Question 24

What’s the infective stage and mode of transmission of coenurosis?

Answer 24

Ingestion of raw vegetables contaminated with dog feces containing egg of multiceps spp.

Question 25

Describe the morphology of coenurosis cyst.

Answer 25

5 cm cyst in the size of a hen’s egg.
In m. multiceps the cyst contains macroscopic scolices while in m. serrialis it contains microscopic scolices with daughter cysts.

Question 26

Describe the clinical picture of coenurosis

Answer 26

C. Cerebralis: increased intracranial pressure, headache and epilepsy

C. Serrialis: subcutaneous painless nodules.

Question 27

What’s the treatment of coenurosis?

Answer 27

Albendazole / Praziquantel / Niclosamide

Surgical removal can be done.

Question 28

What’s the type of schistosomes that can cause cerebral lesions and why?

Answer 28

S. Japonicum due to small size of the egg and more proximity to the systemic circulation